[{"_1":2,"_3":-5,"_4":-5},"loaderData",{"_5":6,"_7":8},"actionData","errors","root",{"_1164":1165,"_1166":1167},"routes/tour",{"_9":10,"_11":12,"_13":14,"_15":16,"_17":18},"tenant","ossabawisland","tour_set",{"_34":140,"_30":-5,"_1156":-5,"_1157":-5,"_1158":1159,"_1160":1161,"_1162":-5,"_1163":10},"tour",{"_19":20,"_21":22,"_23":24,"_25":26,"_27":28,"_29":-5,"_30":31,"_32":33,"_34":24,"_35":26,"_36":37,"_38":39,"_40":-5,"_41":-5,"_42":43,"_44":45,"_46":47,"_48":49,"_50":51,"_52":-5,"_53":26,"_54":55,"_56":57,"_58":59,"_60":59,"_61":62,"_63":64,"_65":16,"_66":67,"_68":69,"_70":71,"_9":10,"_72":73,"_74":75,"_76":77,"_78":79,"_80":13,"_81":82,"_83":59},"tourParam","ossabaw-island-tour","stopParam","torrey-landing-1924","_index","otb_ossabawisland_tours_production_20260910130334274","_id","1","_score",1,"blank_map",true,"bounds",{"_1144":1145,"_1146":1147,"_1148":1149,"_1150":1151,"_1152":1153,"_1154":1155},"default_lng","description","

Welcome to Ossabaw Island’s Virtual Tour

Welcome to Ossabaw Island—Georgia’s third-largest barrier island, and one of its most extraordinary places.

To set foot on Ossabaw, you’d normally need a boat. But today, you can explore this remarkable island right from wherever you are—on your phone, tablet, or computer. So, settle in and let your imagination carry you across the marshes to a world shaped by tides, time, and human stories.

Your virtual journey will take you to the island’s north end and to several special places across its 26,000 acres. You’ll discover more than 5,000 years of human history, from the earliest inhabitants to the people who continue to study and care for this island today. You’ll also learn about Ossabaw's maritime forests, tidal creeks, and wide beaches.

Nearly 11,000 acres of Ossabaw are high ground; the rest are shimmering tidal wetlands. The island stretches about ten miles long and seven miles wide.

Did you know that you can drive to only three of Georgia’s barrier islands? Tybee, St. Simons, and Jekyll welcome cars and visitors daily. The other eleven—including Ossabaw—are uniquely protected through a partnership of federal, state, and private efforts, preserving their unspoiled character for generations to come.

Ossabaw Island is a Heritage Preserve owned by the State of Georgia. It’s managed by the Department of Natural Resources, with support from the Ossabaw Island Foundation, which maintains several historic buildings and coordinates programs that invite people to learn, create, and explore this special place.

","flat_pages",[],"id","is_geo","link_address","https://ossabawisland.org/","link_text","Ossabaw Island Foundation website","map_icon","map_overlay","map_type","hybrid","media",[1097,1098,1099,1100,1101],"meta_description","Explore Ossabaw Island -- Georgia's third largest barrier island and first Heritage Preserve. ","mode",{"_34":216,"_74":1093},"modes",[1089,1090,1091,1092],"open_geographies_endpoint","published","published_on","2026-09-10","read_duration","12 minutes reading","restrict_bounds",false,"restrict_bounds_to_overlay","sanitized_description","Welcome to Ossabaw Island’s Virtual TourWelcome to Ossabaw Island—Georgia’s third-largest barrier island, and one of its most extraordinary places. To set foot on Ossabaw, you’d normally need a boat. But today, you can explore this remarkable island right from wherever you are—on your phone, tablet, or computer. So, settle in and let your imagination carry you across the marshes to a world shaped by tides, time, and human stories. Your virtual journey will take you to the island’s north end and to several special places across its 26,000 acres. You’ll discover more than 5,000 years of human history, from the earliest inhabitants to the people who continue to study and care for this island today. You’ll also learn about Ossabaw's maritime forests, tidal creeks, and wide beaches. Nearly 11,000 acres of Ossabaw are high ground; the rest are shimmering tidal wetlands. The island stretches about ten miles long and seven miles wide. Did you know that you can drive to only three of Georgia’s barrier islands? Tybee, St. Simons, and Jekyll welcome cars and visitors daily. The other eleven—including Ossabaw—are uniquely protected through a partnership of federal, state, and private efforts, preserving their unspoiled character for generations to come. Ossabaw Island is a Heritage Preserve owned by the State of Georgia. It’s managed by the Department of Natural Resources, with support from the Ossabaw Island Foundation, which maintains several historic buildings and coordinates programs that invite people to learn, create, and explore this special place.","splash",{"_74":1086,"_127":1087,"_129":1088},"slug","slugs",[1083,1084,1085,16],"stop_count",9,"stops",[86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94],"tenant_title","Ossabawisland","title"," Ossabaw Island Tour","travel_duration"," walking","theme",{"_34":84,"_74":85},"type","voice_overs",[],"use_directions",7,"green",{"_95":1006,"_96":24,"_97":-5,"_99":244,"_100":1007,"_102":-5,"_30":1008,"_104":-5,"_105":-5,"_106":107,"_34":244,"_108":1009,"_110":1010,"_40":-5,"_44":1011,"_46":113,"_114":59,"_115":-5,"_116":-5,"_53":26,"_61":1012,"_65":18,"_66":1013,"_63":1014,"_74":1005,"_80":122,"_123":-5,"_124":-5,"_81":1015},{"_95":925,"_96":244,"_97":926,"_99":24,"_100":927,"_102":-5,"_30":928,"_104":-5,"_105":-5,"_106":107,"_34":24,"_108":929,"_110":930,"_40":-5,"_44":931,"_46":113,"_114":59,"_115":-5,"_116":-5,"_53":26,"_61":932,"_65":923,"_66":933,"_63":934,"_74":924,"_80":122,"_123":-5,"_124":-5,"_81":935},{"_95":810,"_96":193,"_97":811,"_99":185,"_100":812,"_102":-5,"_30":813,"_104":-5,"_105":-5,"_106":107,"_34":185,"_108":814,"_110":815,"_40":-5,"_44":816,"_46":113,"_114":59,"_115":-5,"_116":-5,"_53":26,"_61":817,"_65":808,"_66":818,"_63":819,"_74":809,"_80":122,"_123":-5,"_124":-5,"_81":820},{"_95":638,"_96":216,"_97":639,"_99":141,"_100":640,"_102":-5,"_30":641,"_104":-5,"_105":-5,"_106":107,"_34":141,"_108":642,"_110":643,"_40":-5,"_44":644,"_46":113,"_114":59,"_115":-5,"_116":-5,"_53":26,"_61":645,"_65":636,"_66":646,"_63":647,"_74":637,"_80":122,"_123":-5,"_124":-5,"_81":648},{"_95":578,"_96":153,"_97":579,"_99":193,"_100":580,"_102":-5,"_30":581,"_104":-5,"_105":-5,"_106":107,"_34":193,"_108":582,"_110":583,"_40":-5,"_44":584,"_46":113,"_114":59,"_115":-5,"_116":-5,"_53":26,"_61":585,"_65":576,"_66":586,"_63":587,"_74":577,"_80":122,"_123":-5,"_124":-5,"_81":588},{"_95":455,"_96":185,"_97":456,"_99":69,"_100":457,"_102":-5,"_30":458,"_104":-5,"_105":-5,"_106":107,"_34":69,"_108":459,"_110":460,"_40":-5,"_44":461,"_46":113,"_114":59,"_115":-5,"_116":-5,"_53":26,"_61":462,"_65":453,"_66":463,"_63":464,"_74":454,"_80":122,"_123":-5,"_124":-5,"_81":465},{"_95":357,"_96":84,"_97":358,"_99":216,"_100":359,"_102":-5,"_30":360,"_104":-5,"_105":-5,"_106":107,"_34":216,"_108":361,"_110":362,"_40":-5,"_44":363,"_46":113,"_114":59,"_115":-5,"_116":-5,"_53":26,"_61":364,"_65":355,"_66":365,"_63":366,"_74":356,"_80":122,"_123":-5,"_124":-5,"_81":367},{"_95":267,"_96":141,"_97":268,"_99":153,"_100":269,"_102":-5,"_30":270,"_104":-5,"_105":113,"_106":107,"_34":153,"_108":271,"_110":272,"_40":-5,"_44":273,"_46":113,"_114":59,"_115":-5,"_116":-5,"_53":26,"_61":274,"_65":265,"_66":275,"_63":276,"_74":266,"_80":122,"_123":-5,"_124":-5,"_81":277},{"_95":-5,"_96":69,"_97":98,"_99":84,"_100":101,"_102":-5,"_30":103,"_104":-5,"_105":-5,"_106":107,"_34":84,"_108":109,"_110":111,"_40":-5,"_44":112,"_46":113,"_114":59,"_115":-5,"_116":-5,"_53":26,"_61":117,"_65":118,"_66":119,"_63":120,"_74":121,"_80":122,"_123":-5,"_124":-5,"_81":125},"next","position","previous",{"_34":153,"_65":265,"_74":266},"relation_id","address","RWM2+Q8 Savannah, GA, USA","article_link","

Stop 9 — Middle Place

Middle Place sits two miles up the Main Road from Torrey Landing. Its high ground, deep-water access, and free-flowing artesian wells made this an ideal settlement site for thousands of years. Archaeological evidence shows that a large Late Prehistoric village once thrived here. The Guale people lived, fished, farmed, and raised families on this land before their population was devastated by European raids and the spread of Old World diseases.

During the colonial and plantation periods, Middle Place became part of the Morel family holdings. Enslaved Africans and African Americans were forced to labor here, producing Sea Island cotton on Ossabaw’s plantations. At the end of the Civil War, approximately 60 newly freed people were still living on the island. A community formed at Middle Place, where David Bond, a freedman, established Hinder Me Not Zion Baptist Church.

For a brief time, this land was divided among seven Black families under General William T. Sherman’s Field Order No. 15, which granted the coastal islands to formerly enslaved people. That promise was undone in 1866, when President Andrew Johnson revoked the order. Even so, the freedmen’s community remained on Ossabaw into the late 1890s, before many families moved to the mainland and later purchased their own land in Pin Point, Georgia.

\n\n\n\n

Middle Place continued to evolve in the 20th century, serving as a timber camp, a docking site, and later a cattle operation. From 1970 to 1982, it entered a new chapter as the home of the Genesis Project—a multidisciplinary, back-to-nature experiment in communal living for college and graduate students. Participants applied to join, built their own shelters, tended gardens, assisted with island stewardship, and pursued creative or scientific work in a remote setting shaped by simplicity and shared purpose.

Sidebar: The Genesis Project (1970–1982)
\nFrom 1970 to 1982, Middle Place became the home of the Genesis Project, an interdisciplinary, back-to-nature community supported by Eleanor Torrey West's Ossabaw Foundation. Participants from around the country applied to live and work on Ossabaw Island. Members built their own shelters, tended gardens, created, studied the natural environment, and contributed labor to help manage the island. Though the community was temporary, its legacy endures through journals, artwork, and environmental studies that reflect a unique moment in Ossabaw’s modern history—a blend of creativity, collaboration, and quiet isolation on a wild barrier island.

","direction_intro","direction_notes","icon_color","#D32F2F","lat",31.834383633876133,"lng",-81.09918130402983,[132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139],"","orphaned","parking_lat","parking_lng","Stop 9 — Middle PlaceMiddle Place sits two miles up the Main Road from Torrey Landing. Its high ground, deep-water access, and free-flowing artesian wells made this an ideal settlement site for thousands of years. Archaeological evidence shows that a large Late Prehistoric village once thrived here. The Guale people lived, fished, farmed, and raised families on this land before their population was devastated by European raids and the spread of Old World diseases. During the colonial and plantation periods, Middle Place became part of the Morel family holdings. Enslaved Africans and African Americans were forced to labor here, producing Sea Island cotton on Ossabaw’s plantations. At the end of the Civil War, approximately 60 newly freed people were still living on the island. A community formed at Middle Place, where David Bond, a freedman, established Hinder Me Not Zion Baptist Church. For a brief time, this land was divided among seven Black families under General William T. Sherman’s Field Order No. 15, which granted the coastal islands to formerly enslaved people. That promise was undone in 1866, when President Andrew Johnson revoked the order. Even so, the freedmen’s community remained on Ossabaw into the late 1890s, before many families moved to the mainland and later purchased their own land in Pin Point, Georgia.\n\n\n\nMiddle Place continued to evolve in the 20th century, serving as a timber camp, a docking site, and later a cattle operation. From 1970 to 1982, it entered a new chapter as the home of the Genesis Project—a multidisciplinary, back-to-nature experiment in communal living for college and graduate students. Participants applied to join, built their own shelters, tended gardens, assisted with island stewardship, and pursued creative or scientific work in a remote setting shaped by simplicity and shared purpose. Sidebar: The Genesis Project (1970–1982)\nFrom 1970 to 1982, Middle Place became the home of the Genesis Project, an interdisciplinary, back-to-nature community supported by Eleanor Torrey West's Ossabaw Foundation. Participants from around the country applied to live and work on Ossabaw Island. Members built their own shelters, tended gardens, created, studied the natural environment, and contributed labor to help manage the island. Though the community was temporary, its legacy endures through journals, artwork, and environmental studies that reflect a unique moment in Ossabaw’s modern history—a blend of creativity, collaboration, and quiet isolation on a wild barrier island.","middle-place",[131,118],{"_74":126,"_127":128,"_129":130},"Middle Place","stop","video_embed","video_poster",[],"Depiction of a Guale village","caption","Painting from the National Park Service of an image of a proposed Guale village located on the rivers edge. Dugout canoes are in the foreground and thatched round houses are at the woods edge. ","url","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/6smvts8htuerasyr5rofpvsgorp2?variant=desktop","new-stop-1747759774846",{"_99":177,"_96":24,"_127":128,"_143":257,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":258,"_149":259,"_34":260,"_152":216,"_154":195,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":155,"_74":126,"_161":-5},{"_99":243,"_96":244,"_127":245,"_143":187,"_145":246,"_146":247,"_147":248,"_149":249,"_34":250,"_152":193,"_154":194,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":195,"_74":251,"_161":247},{"_99":230,"_96":193,"_127":231,"_143":187,"_145":232,"_146":233,"_147":234,"_149":235,"_34":236,"_152":193,"_154":194,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":195,"_74":237,"_161":233},{"_99":215,"_96":216,"_127":217,"_143":218,"_145":219,"_146":220,"_147":221,"_149":222,"_34":223,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":224,"_161":220},{"_99":202,"_96":153,"_127":203,"_143":187,"_145":204,"_146":205,"_147":206,"_149":207,"_34":208,"_152":193,"_154":194,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":195,"_74":209,"_161":205},{"_99":184,"_96":185,"_127":186,"_143":187,"_145":188,"_146":189,"_147":190,"_149":191,"_34":192,"_152":193,"_154":194,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":195,"_74":196,"_161":189},{"_99":172,"_96":84,"_127":173,"_143":174,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":175,"_149":176,"_34":177,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":178,"_161":-5},{"_99":140,"_96":141,"_127":142,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":148,"_149":150,"_34":151,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":160,"_161":-5},54,8,"Genesis members were responsible for cooking for the whole community in the cook shack. The tiles surrounding the sink were created by Genesis members. Photo by Helen Hamada.","desktop_width",750,"embed","embed_id","filename","Genesis kitchen tiled sink.jpg","files",{"_162":163,"_164":165,"_166":167,"_168":169,"_170":171},64,"lqip_width",5,"mobile_width",300,"original_image","provider","tablet_width",400,"Genesis kitchen tiled sink located in the cook shack","video","original","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/zvxxf8buw94ra3ed8t31m75d6t7u","mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/zvxxf8buw94ra3ed8t31m75d6t7u?variant=mobile","tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/zvxxf8buw94ra3ed8t31m75d6t7u?variant=tablet","desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/zvxxf8buw94ra3ed8t31m75d6t7u?variant=desktop","lqip","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/zvxxf8buw94ra3ed8t31m75d6t7u?variant=lqip",53,"The Genesis members called this multi-story saw dust pile, Mount Middle Place. Photo taken by Elizabeth DuBose",528,"image001[2].jpg",{"_162":179,"_164":180,"_166":181,"_168":182,"_170":183},63,"Saw dust pile from processing timber","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/8jbqxp7hmqxjn1laigwrw5gjxn4m","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/8jbqxp7hmqxjn1laigwrw5gjxn4m?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/8jbqxp7hmqxjn1laigwrw5gjxn4m?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/8jbqxp7hmqxjn1laigwrw5gjxn4m?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/8jbqxp7hmqxjn1laigwrw5gjxn4m?variant=lqip",28,6,"Elizabeth DuBose describes of the ice pit from the 19th century. ",421,"//player.vimeo.com/video/1085824157","1085824157","1085824157.jpg",{"_162":197,"_164":198,"_166":199,"_168":200,"_170":201},37,3,169,225,"Ice pit at Middle Place, Ossabaw Island, GA","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/sgc1p4tp5m9dhgbpo7dr7b1g8pzn","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/sgc1p4tp5m9dhgbpo7dr7b1g8pzn?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/sgc1p4tp5m9dhgbpo7dr7b1g8pzn?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/sgc1p4tp5m9dhgbpo7dr7b1g8pzn?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/sgc1p4tp5m9dhgbpo7dr7b1g8pzn?variant=lqip",30,"Description of the 1840s Middle Place House, image from the Torrey papers located at the Georgia Historical Society. ","//player.vimeo.com/video/1085691056","1085691056","1085691056.jpg",{"_162":210,"_164":211,"_166":212,"_168":213,"_170":214},39,"Middle Place house","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/90t42di5qzi7yq9oo66plxyema7g","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/90t42di5qzi7yq9oo66plxyema7g?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/90t42di5qzi7yq9oo66plxyema7g?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/90t42di5qzi7yq9oo66plxyema7g?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/90t42di5qzi7yq9oo66plxyema7g?variant=lqip",32,4,"This film was filmed and produced by the Georgia Forestry Commission. It is filmed in the summer of 1970 during the first Genesis Project year. It is a look back when Ossabaw was still privately owned by the Torrey Family and cattle still roamed the island.\n\nThe Genesis Project–a cooperative, semi-sustainable community–operated at historic Middle Place on Ossabaw Island from 1970 to 1983. Young people (mostly college students) from around the United States and several foreign countries lived at Genesis for a week, two weeks, a quarter or a semester. Residents were selected from a variety of disciplines, ranging from the creative and liberal arts to the sciences to agriculture and forestry. Genesis Project operated “close to the land,” with no running water or electricity. Genesis was a program operated by Mrs. West's Ossabaw Foundation, a precursor to the modern Ossabaw Island Foundation.",480,"//www.youtube.com/embed/QD_2fzMAlM8","QD_2fzMAlM8","QD_2fzMAlM8.jpg",{"_162":225,"_164":226,"_166":227,"_168":228,"_170":229},41,"Genesis A Project Of Human Ecology 16mm","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yn2i8hlp9ikcjv9hi9z4qeshr839","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yn2i8hlp9ikcjv9hi9z4qeshr839?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yn2i8hlp9ikcjv9hi9z4qeshr839?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yn2i8hlp9ikcjv9hi9z4qeshr839?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yn2i8hlp9ikcjv9hi9z4qeshr839?variant=lqip",31,"Description of Tower House by Elizabeth DuBose","//player.vimeo.com/video/1085052685","1085052685","1085052685.jpg",{"_162":238,"_164":239,"_166":240,"_168":241,"_170":242},40,"Tower House, Middle Place","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1j0ju364h49yqh2gpxel4loy9nd1","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1j0ju364h49yqh2gpxel4loy9nd1?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1j0ju364h49yqh2gpxel4loy9nd1?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1j0ju364h49yqh2gpxel4loy9nd1?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1j0ju364h49yqh2gpxel4loy9nd1?variant=lqip",29,2,"Elizabeth DuBose explains some different features left over from the Genesis project. ","//player.vimeo.com/video/1085694712","1085694712","1085694712.jpg",{"_162":252,"_164":253,"_166":254,"_168":255,"_170":256},38,"Sauna from Genesis, Middle Place, Ossabaw Island","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/g6nuhcm7twkziagrk8l8h1ku4zwd","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/g6nuhcm7twkziagrk8l8h1ku4zwd?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/g6nuhcm7twkziagrk8l8h1ku4zwd?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/g6nuhcm7twkziagrk8l8h1ku4zwd?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/g6nuhcm7twkziagrk8l8h1ku4zwd?variant=lqip",563,"IMG_0503 (1).jpg",{"_162":261,"_164":262,"_166":263,"_168":130,"_170":264},73,"https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/6smvts8htuerasyr5rofpvsgorp2","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/6smvts8htuerasyr5rofpvsgorp2?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/6smvts8htuerasyr5rofpvsgorp2?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/6smvts8htuerasyr5rofpvsgorp2?variant=lqip","tabby-cabins-1820-1845","Tabby Cabins, 1820-1845",{"_34":84,"_65":118,"_74":121},{"_34":216,"_65":355,"_74":356},"RWQ5+94 Savannah, GA, USA","

Eighth Stop: The Ossabaw Island Tabby Cabins

On Ossabaw’s North End, three surviving tabby cabins stand as some of the island’s most significant architectural and cultural landmarks. Built between 1820 and 1840, these structures were constructed by enslaved men who were carpenters, masons, and skilled tradesmen on the North End Plantation. Originally part of a larger complex that may have included as many as nine buildings, these cabins housed enslaved families whose labor powered the plantation economy during the production of Sea Island Cotton.

The cabins were built by hand using tabby, a coastal concrete made by burning oyster shells to create lime, then mixing it with water, sand, and crushed shell. Each cabin is a 400-square-foot, single-story duplex, with two one-room living spaces separated by a central chimney. This “twin” floorplan—known as a saddlebag house—was a common vernacular design in the early 19th-century Southeast.

Daily life in these cabins was marked by hardship, resilience, skill, and community. Though built under enslavement, these structures also represent craftsmanship and cultural endurance—evidence of knowledge passed from West Africa to the Georgia coast, shaped by the hands of people central to Ossabaw’s history.

The remaining three buildings were used for island employees into the 1980s.

In 2005, two of the three remaining cabins were restored to reflect their original 19th-century appearance and use. This work was funded through a Save America’s Treasures grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, matched with private donations, helping ensure that the cabins remain as witnesses to the lives of the people who built and inhabited them.

Sidebar: Sea Island Cotton on the Georgia Coast

In the 1840s, coastal plantations like Ossabaw focused on producing Sea Island cotton, a long-staple cotton prized for its exceptional strength, silk-like texture, and glossy finish. Grown only on the barrier islands and nearby sea islands of Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina, it was considered the finest cotton in the world. Its value on international markets created immense wealth for plantation owners—and fierce demands on enslaved laborers, who planted, weeded, harvested, and hand-cleaned the delicate fibers to prevent damage. This labor-intensive crop tied the cabins, the fields, and the entire plantation landscape into a global economy built on slavery.

Sidebar: The 1893 & 1898 Hurricanes and the Move to the Mainland

After emancipation, a small Black community continued to live and work on Ossabaw into the late 19th century. But two devastating hurricanes—the 1893 Sea Islands Hurricane and another major storm in 1898—struck the Georgia coast with destructive force. Storm surge, crop loss, and economic collapse made island life increasingly difficult. In the aftermath, many of Ossabaw’s remaining Black residents relocated to the mainland, settling primarily in nearby Pin Point, Georgia, where their descendants helped shape a vibrant Gullah-Geechee community that remains today.",31.83846704782531,-81.09222901826323,[283,284,285,286,287,288],"Eighth Stop: The Ossabaw Island Tabby CabinsOn Ossabaw’s North End, three surviving tabby cabins stand as some of the island’s most significant architectural and cultural landmarks. Built between 1820 and 1840, these structures were constructed by enslaved men who were carpenters, masons, and skilled tradesmen on the North End Plantation. Originally part of a larger complex that may have included as many as nine buildings, these cabins housed enslaved families whose labor powered the plantation economy during the production of Sea Island Cotton. The cabins were built by hand using tabby, a coastal concrete made by burning oyster shells to create lime, then mixing it with water, sand, and crushed shell. Each cabin is a 400-square-foot, single-story duplex, with two one-room living spaces separated by a central chimney. This “twin” floorplan—known as a saddlebag house—was a common vernacular design in the early 19th-century Southeast. Daily life in these cabins was marked by hardship, resilience, skill, and community. Though built under enslavement, these structures also represent craftsmanship and cultural endurance—evidence of knowledge passed from West Africa to the Georgia coast, shaped by the hands of people central to Ossabaw’s history. The remaining three buildings were used for island employees into the 1980s. In 2005, two of the three remaining cabins were restored to reflect their original 19th-century appearance and use. This work was funded through a Save America’s Treasures grant from the U. S. Department of the Interior, matched with private donations, helping ensure that the cabins remain as witnesses to the lives of the people who built and inhabited them. Sidebar: Sea Island Cotton on the Georgia CoastIn the 1840s, coastal plantations like Ossabaw focused on producing Sea Island cotton, a long-staple cotton prized for its exceptional strength, silk-like texture, and glossy finish. Grown only on the barrier islands and nearby sea islands of Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina, it was considered the finest cotton in the world. Its value on international markets created immense wealth for plantation owners—and fierce demands on enslaved laborers, who planted, weeded, harvested, and hand-cleaned the delicate fibers to prevent damage. This labor-intensive crop tied the cabins, the fields, and the entire plantation landscape into a global economy built on slavery. Sidebar: The 1893 & 1898 Hurricanes and the Move to the MainlandAfter emancipation, a small Black community continued to live and work on Ossabaw into the late 19th century. But two devastating hurricanes—the 1893 Sea Islands Hurricane and another major storm in 1898—struck the Georgia coast with destructive force. Storm surge, crop loss, and economic collapse made island life increasingly difficult. In the aftermath, many of Ossabaw’s remaining Black residents relocated to the mainland, settling primarily in nearby Pin Point, Georgia, where their descendants helped shape a vibrant Gullah-Geechee community that remains today.",[281,282,265],{"_74":278,"_127":279,"_129":280},[],"Welcome to the tabbies","Elizabeth DuBose shares the story of the tabby cabins. ","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/dfuyz6wyf1fkidf18b19go8elykv?variant=desktop","new-stop-1742324491365","tabby-cabins",{"_99":346,"_96":24,"_127":279,"_143":144,"_145":347,"_146":348,"_147":349,"_149":350,"_34":243,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":278,"_161":348},{"_99":334,"_96":244,"_127":335,"_143":144,"_145":336,"_146":337,"_147":338,"_149":339,"_34":202,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":340,"_161":337},{"_99":322,"_96":193,"_127":323,"_143":144,"_145":324,"_146":325,"_147":326,"_149":327,"_34":230,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":328,"_161":325},{"_99":312,"_96":216,"_127":313,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":314,"_149":315,"_34":215,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":316,"_161":-5},{"_99":301,"_96":216,"_127":302,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":303,"_149":304,"_34":305,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":306,"_161":-5},{"_99":289,"_96":153,"_127":290,"_143":291,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":292,"_149":293,"_34":294,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":295,"_161":-5},51,"This photo was in the National Geographic magazine in the 1930s in a story featuring Georgia's sea islands. ",640,"tabby-cabins-use-gallery-1920s.jpg",{"_162":296,"_164":297,"_166":298,"_168":299,"_170":300},61,"1930 image of island staff living in the tabbies","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/qv8jpll0bifr7r0cu9vroygbrxs2","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/qv8jpll0bifr7r0cu9vroygbrxs2?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/qv8jpll0bifr7r0cu9vroygbrxs2?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/qv8jpll0bifr7r0cu9vroygbrxs2?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/qv8jpll0bifr7r0cu9vroygbrxs2?variant=lqip",50,"The Ossabaw Island Foundation raised $800,000 for the preservation of these buildings. TOIF collection","2-TABBIES BEFORE_AFTER.jpg",{"_162":307,"_164":308,"_166":309,"_168":310,"_170":311},60,"Before and after tabbies","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/hz23b3nahqub2nascpzrhotdk8l2","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/hz23b3nahqub2nascpzrhotdk8l2?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/hz23b3nahqub2nascpzrhotdk8l2?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/hz23b3nahqub2nascpzrhotdk8l2?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/hz23b3nahqub2nascpzrhotdk8l2?variant=lqip",23,"Image by Julian Buckmaster","Julian Buckmaster tabby.jpg",{"_162":317,"_164":318,"_166":319,"_168":320,"_170":321},"Tabby cabins today","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jinlp2h8d11nvo66ziu7fsgl2idt","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jinlp2h8d11nvo66ziu7fsgl2idt?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jinlp2h8d11nvo66ziu7fsgl2idt?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jinlp2h8d11nvo66ziu7fsgl2idt?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jinlp2h8d11nvo66ziu7fsgl2idt?variant=lqip",22,"Elizabeth DuBose discusses life in the tabby buildings. ","//player.vimeo.com/video/1068977802","1068977802","1068977802.jpg",{"_162":329,"_164":330,"_166":331,"_168":332,"_170":333},"Tabby interior","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/dnzpj0svqgcvowph3bhobqj3l1hq","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/dnzpj0svqgcvowph3bhobqj3l1hq?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/dnzpj0svqgcvowph3bhobqj3l1hq?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/dnzpj0svqgcvowph3bhobqj3l1hq?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/dnzpj0svqgcvowph3bhobqj3l1hq?variant=lqip",21,"Elizabeth DuBose of the Ossabaw Island Foundation talks about the oyster shells that were used to construct these buildings.","//player.vimeo.com/video/1065908185","1065908185","1065908185.jpg",{"_162":341,"_164":342,"_166":343,"_168":344,"_170":345},"Midden and oysters","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jwc0kibnqihs4fmiranpmjbcb0a9","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jwc0kibnqihs4fmiranpmjbcb0a9?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jwc0kibnqihs4fmiranpmjbcb0a9?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jwc0kibnqihs4fmiranpmjbcb0a9?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jwc0kibnqihs4fmiranpmjbcb0a9?variant=lqip",20,"//player.vimeo.com/video/1065907356","1065907356","1065907356.jpg",{"_162":351,"_164":352,"_166":353,"_168":280,"_170":354},"https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/dfuyz6wyf1fkidf18b19go8elykv","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/dfuyz6wyf1fkidf18b19go8elykv?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/dfuyz6wyf1fkidf18b19go8elykv?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/dfuyz6wyf1fkidf18b19go8elykv?variant=lqip","boarding-house-1918","Boarding House, 1918",{"_34":153,"_65":265,"_74":266},{"_34":69,"_65":453,"_74":454},"RWQ5+8F Savannah, GA, USA","

Sixth Stop: The Boarding House

Built in 1918, the Boarding House originally served as housing for the island superintendent, his family, and the “kennel man” who cared for the hunting dogs that lived and worked on Ossabaw. At the time, the island was owned by partners in Savannah’s Strachan Shipping Company, who purchased Ossabaw in 1907. Their earliest plans called for a hotel and resort, but that vision soon shifted, and the island instead became a private hunting retreat for the company’s owners and their guests.

Dr. and Mrs. Henry Torrey purchased Ossabaw Island in 1924 from this group of businessmen. They used the Boarding House (they called it the Bachelor's House) as living quarters for the workers who constructed the Torrey Main House between 1924 and 1926. After the Torrey House was completed, the Boarding House continued to serve as staff housing for decades, remaining in use through the 1980s.

In 2007, the Ossabaw Island Foundation began a major restoration of the structure—by then a triplex. The work was completed in the fall of 2009, returning the Boarding House to its long-standing purpose: housing for island staff, researchers, artists, and visitors.

",31.838284756413113,-81.09137071137846,[373,374,375,376,377,378,379],"Sixth Stop: The Boarding HouseBuilt in 1918, the Boarding House originally served as housing for the island superintendent, his family, and the “kennel man” who cared for the hunting dogs that lived and worked on Ossabaw. At the time, the island was owned by partners in Savannah’s Strachan Shipping Company, who purchased Ossabaw in 1907. Their earliest plans called for a hotel and resort, but that vision soon shifted, and the island instead became a private hunting retreat for the company’s owners and their guests. Dr. and Mrs. Henry Torrey purchased Ossabaw Island in 1924 from this group of businessmen. They used the Boarding House (they called it the Bachelor's House) as living quarters for the workers who constructed the Torrey Main House between 1924 and 1926. After the Torrey House was completed, the Boarding House continued to serve as staff housing for decades, remaining in use through the 1980s. In 2007, the Ossabaw Island Foundation began a major restoration of the structure—by then a triplex. The work was completed in the fall of 2009, returning the Boarding House to its long-standing purpose: housing for island staff, researchers, artists, and visitors.",[371,372,355],{"_74":368,"_127":369,"_129":370},[],"Boarding House","Diane Kirkland photographer.","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/h63pfd1wnerbfaozx3l348koga4h?variant=desktop","new-stop-1742323302091","boarding-house",{"_99":444,"_96":24,"_127":369,"_143":445,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":446,"_149":447,"_34":448,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":368,"_161":-5},{"_99":433,"_96":244,"_127":434,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":435,"_149":436,"_34":437,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":438,"_161":-5},{"_99":422,"_96":193,"_127":423,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":424,"_149":425,"_34":426,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":427,"_161":-5},{"_99":411,"_96":216,"_127":412,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":413,"_149":414,"_34":415,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":416,"_161":-5},{"_99":401,"_96":153,"_127":402,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":403,"_149":404,"_34":184,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":405,"_161":-5},{"_99":260,"_96":153,"_127":391,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":392,"_149":393,"_34":394,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":395,"_161":-5},{"_99":380,"_96":185,"_127":381,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":382,"_149":383,"_34":384,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":385,"_161":-5},74,"Located in the field across from the Boarding House. ","vg2_10823_full.jpg",{"_162":386,"_164":387,"_166":388,"_168":389,"_170":390},84,"Kennels in field in front of the Boarding House, 1924","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Ffay2zbx2a7ea7f1yxez1wbvgb02s","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Ffay2zbx2a7ea7f1yxez1wbvgb02s?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Ffay2zbx2a7ea7f1yxez1wbvgb02s?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Ffay2zbx2a7ea7f1yxez1wbvgb02s?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Ffay2zbx2a7ea7f1yxez1wbvgb02s?variant=lqip","In the right corner you can see the back of the boarding house. Notice the mobile dog cage pulled by a truck. ","vg2_10831_full.jpg",{"_162":396,"_164":397,"_166":398,"_168":399,"_170":400},83,"Hunters gathered in 1924 in front of the Boarding House","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2F6nqpfbtoqthbzr5pslmljns6jgky","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2F6nqpfbtoqthbzr5pslmljns6jgky?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2F6nqpfbtoqthbzr5pslmljns6jgky?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2F6nqpfbtoqthbzr5pslmljns6jgky?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2F6nqpfbtoqthbzr5pslmljns6jgky?variant=lqip",19,"Image from the West family. ","Ossabaw_09.jpg",{"_162":406,"_164":407,"_166":408,"_168":409,"_170":410},"1970s rear of the Boarding House","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jp4lhcojytyrg63b69sb83vk63eu","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jp4lhcojytyrg63b69sb83vk63eu?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jp4lhcojytyrg63b69sb83vk63eu?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jp4lhcojytyrg63b69sb83vk63eu?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/jp4lhcojytyrg63b69sb83vk63eu?variant=lqip",18,"There was barn located behind the boarding house, the fence in the fore ground is part of the barn complex. Notice the free range ponies. Mrs. West loved animals and did not think they should be fences in. Image from the West family.","Ossabaw_08.jpg",{"_162":417,"_164":418,"_166":419,"_168":420,"_170":421},27,"1970s rear of Boarding House","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/j9yozvxsqj695uvuerzlp3fy37s9","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/j9yozvxsqj695uvuerzlp3fy37s9?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/j9yozvxsqj695uvuerzlp3fy37s9?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/j9yozvxsqj695uvuerzlp3fy37s9?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/j9yozvxsqj695uvuerzlp3fy37s9?variant=lqip",16,"The West family photos of the boarding house when it was used as staff housing. ","Ossabaw_07.jpg",{"_162":428,"_164":429,"_166":430,"_168":431,"_170":432},25,"Boarding House in the 1970s","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/58xoztcfa5o3oe2cdckkgmx9jvdi","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/58xoztcfa5o3oe2cdckkgmx9jvdi?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/58xoztcfa5o3oe2cdckkgmx9jvdi?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/58xoztcfa5o3oe2cdckkgmx9jvdi?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/58xoztcfa5o3oe2cdckkgmx9jvdi?variant=lqip",15,"The Ossabaw Island Foundation managed a $450,000 rehabilitation of the building in 2007-2010. Images from TOIF","3-BOARDING HOUSE.jpg",{"_162":439,"_164":440,"_166":441,"_168":442,"_170":443},24,"Before and after for the Boarding House","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/k9wpzde3d47g77uu86xjhlded6z5","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/k9wpzde3d47g77uu86xjhlded6z5?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/k9wpzde3d47g77uu86xjhlded6z5?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/k9wpzde3d47g77uu86xjhlded6z5?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/k9wpzde3d47g77uu86xjhlded6z5?variant=lqip",56,650,"exterior finished copy (1).jpg",{"_162":449,"_164":450,"_166":451,"_168":370,"_170":452},66,"https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/h63pfd1wnerbfaozx3l348koga4h","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/h63pfd1wnerbfaozx3l348koga4h?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/h63pfd1wnerbfaozx3l348koga4h?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/h63pfd1wnerbfaozx3l348koga4h?variant=lqip","the-torrey-west-house","The Torrey West House",{"_34":216,"_65":355,"_74":356},{"_34":193,"_65":576,"_74":577},"RWHC+P5 Skidaway Island, GA, USA","

Seventh Stop: The Torrey West House

Completed in 1926, the Torrey West House—often called the “Main House”—was built by Dr. Henry Norton Torrey and his wife, Nell Ford Torrey of Detroit, as their winter residence. Inspired by Mediterranean Revival architecture, the house features stucco walls, red barrel tiles, wrought iron details, and an elegant, symmetrical design. Built at the height of the Roaring Twenties, the home reflects both the wealth of its owners and the era’s taste for grand coastal retreats.

The Torreys envisioned Ossabaw as a private sanctuary for family life, recreation. During the winter season, they boated, hunted, entertained guests, and spent long stretches of time on the island. Although remote, the home was built with modern conveniences for its time, including indoor plumbing, electricity, and a generator-powered infrastructure that echoed mainland comfort in an otherwise wild landscape.

In the decades that followed, the Torrey West House became the setting for some of Ossabaw’s most significant cultural chapters. After Eleanor “Sandy” Torrey West inherited the property in the 1959, the house became the heart of the Ossabaw Island Project (1961–1983), a renowned creative and intellectual retreat that hosted artists, writers, musicians, scholars, and scientists. Many who visited described their time here as transformative, inspired by the island’s isolation and beauty.

Today, the Torrey West House stands as the architectural centerpiece of Ossabaw Island—a symbol of the island’s 20th-century history and a gathering place for ongoing learning, creativity, and stewardship.

The Ossabaw Island Project and the Sandy West Era

After inheriting Ossabaw Island, Eleanor “Sandy” Torrey West and her husband Clifford B. West transformed the Torrey West House into a gathering place for artists, writers, scientists, musicians, and scholars. From 1961 to 1982, the house became the heart of the Ossabaw Island Project, a retreat rooted in the West’s belief that creativity, curiosity, and isolation could spark discovery. Surrounded by maritime forest, tidal creeks, and ocean wind, participants lived and worked on Ossabaw without the distractions of the outside world—an experience many described as life-changing.

The West’s hospitality helped shape the atmosphere of the project, but so did the setting: the non-structured days, meals, solitude, and shared conversation. The island itself—remote, quiet, and wild—became an active collaborator, influencing works of art, research, and ideas that traveled far beyond its shores.

Although the Ossabaw Island Project formally ended in 1982, its legacy continues in the creative and scientific work it inspired, and in the generations of people who came to see Ossabaw as a place for reflection, imagination, and renewal.

Sidebar: What Was the Ossabaw Island Project?

Founded in 1961, the Ossabaw Island Project was an invitational program that brought creative and intellectual thinkers to the island for weeks-long retreats. Participants—often supported by the Ossabaw Foundation—were given time and space to explore ideas without the pressures of productivity or audiences. Guests included painters, poets, choreographers, composers, philosophers, and environmental scientists, some of whom later became leading national figures in their fields. The program reflected a mid-20th-century movement that valued retreat, reflection, and the natural world as essential to human creativity.

Sidebar: Preserving the Torrey West House
\nThe State of Georgia funded and completed a major rehabilitation of the Torrey West House, ensuring its preservation as a cultural and historic landmark.

The project includes full upgrades to critical systems—new electrical, plumbing, HVAC, power, and fire suppression—while carefully restoring original architectural features and finishes. ",31.829315574214284,-81.07956899171293,[471,472,473,474,475,476,477,478,479],"Seventh Stop: The Torrey West HouseCompleted in 1926, the Torrey West House—often called the “Main House”—was built by Dr. Henry Norton Torrey and his wife, Nell Ford Torrey of Detroit, as their winter residence. Inspired by Mediterranean Revival architecture, the house features stucco walls, red barrel tiles, wrought iron details, and an elegant, symmetrical design. Built at the height of the Roaring Twenties, the home reflects both the wealth of its owners and the era’s taste for grand coastal retreats. The Torreys envisioned Ossabaw as a private sanctuary for family life, recreation. During the winter season, they boated, hunted, entertained guests, and spent long stretches of time on the island. Although remote, the home was built with modern conveniences for its time, including indoor plumbing, electricity, and a generator-powered infrastructure that echoed mainland comfort in an otherwise wild landscape. In the decades that followed, the Torrey West House became the setting for some of Ossabaw’s most significant cultural chapters. After Eleanor “Sandy” Torrey West inherited the property in the 1959, the house became the heart of the Ossabaw Island Project (1961–1983), a renowned creative and intellectual retreat that hosted artists, writers, musicians, scholars, and scientists. Many who visited described their time here as transformative, inspired by the island’s isolation and beauty. Today, the Torrey West House stands as the architectural centerpiece of Ossabaw Island—a symbol of the island’s 20th-century history and a gathering place for ongoing learning, creativity, and stewardship. The Ossabaw Island Project and the Sandy West EraAfter inheriting Ossabaw Island, Eleanor “Sandy” Torrey West and her husband Clifford B. West transformed the Torrey West House into a gathering place for artists, writers, scientists, musicians, and scholars. From 1961 to 1982, the house became the heart of the Ossabaw Island Project, a retreat rooted in the West’s belief that creativity, curiosity, and isolation could spark discovery. Surrounded by maritime forest, tidal creeks, and ocean wind, participants lived and worked on Ossabaw without the distractions of the outside world—an experience many described as life-changing. The West’s hospitality helped shape the atmosphere of the project, but so did the setting: the non-structured days, meals, solitude, and shared conversation. The island itself—remote, quiet, and wild—became an active collaborator, influencing works of art, research, and ideas that traveled far beyond its shores. Although the Ossabaw Island Project formally ended in 1982, its legacy continues in the creative and scientific work it inspired, and in the generations of people who came to see Ossabaw as a place for reflection, imagination, and renewal. Sidebar: What Was the Ossabaw Island Project? Founded in 1961, the Ossabaw Island Project was an invitational program that brought creative and intellectual thinkers to the island for weeks-long retreats. Participants—often supported by the Ossabaw Foundation—were given time and space to explore ideas without the pressures of productivity or audiences. Guests included painters, poets, choreographers, composers, philosophers, and environmental scientists, some of whom later became leading national figures in their fields. The program reflected a mid-20th-century movement that valued retreat, reflection, and the natural world as essential to human creativity. Sidebar: Preserving the Torrey West House\nThe State of Georgia funded and completed a major rehabilitation of the Torrey West House, ensuring its preservation as a cultural and historic landmark. The project includes full upgrades to critical systems—new electrical, plumbing, HVAC, power, and fire suppression—while carefully restoring original architectural features and finishes. ",[469,470,453],{"_74":466,"_127":467,"_129":468},[],"Front door of the Torrey House","This 1926 image is from the Torrey Family Collection at the Georgia Historical Society. ","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1cso5ka1ocs7lmcazsg8x9ac6he7?variant=desktop","new-stop-1761071334231","the-torrey-west-hose",{"_99":568,"_96":24,"_127":467,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":569,"_149":570,"_34":571,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":466,"_161":-5},{"_99":557,"_96":244,"_127":558,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":559,"_149":560,"_34":561,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":562,"_161":-5},{"_99":546,"_96":193,"_127":547,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":548,"_149":549,"_34":550,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":551,"_161":-5},{"_99":535,"_96":216,"_127":536,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":537,"_149":538,"_34":539,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":540,"_161":-5},{"_99":524,"_96":153,"_127":525,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":526,"_149":527,"_34":528,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":529,"_161":-5},{"_99":513,"_96":185,"_127":514,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":515,"_149":516,"_34":517,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":518,"_161":-5},{"_99":502,"_96":84,"_127":503,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":504,"_149":505,"_34":506,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":507,"_161":-5},{"_99":491,"_96":141,"_127":492,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":493,"_149":494,"_34":495,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":496,"_161":-5},{"_99":480,"_96":69,"_127":481,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":482,"_149":483,"_34":484,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":485,"_161":-5},72,"The rear patio of the Torrey-West House offers a sheltered, sun-warmed space overlooking Ossabaw Sound—protected from winter winds and designed for quiet enjoyment of the coastal landscape. The small “monkey cage” off the morning room is a curious and memorable feature from the Torreys’ time on the island, when exotic animals were part of their winter retreat. Together, these elements reflect both the comfort and the character of life at the house—where refined outdoor living met the playful eccentricities of a family creating their own world on Ossabaw.","_WBS0990_HDR.jpg",{"_162":486,"_164":487,"_166":488,"_168":489,"_170":490},82,"Rear patio ","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Frgdh05kbd7ewh34bajz4zz7v3wek","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Frgdh05kbd7ewh34bajz4zz7v3wek?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Frgdh05kbd7ewh34bajz4zz7v3wek?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Frgdh05kbd7ewh34bajz4zz7v3wek?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Frgdh05kbd7ewh34bajz4zz7v3wek?variant=lqip",70,"The restoration of the façade of the Torrey-West House carefully returns the home’s exterior to its original 1926 character. Skilled craftsmen repaired stucco, woodwork, and architectural details, most notably the original iron work balconies, front light fixtures and iron window grates were restored. The work preserves the home’s distinctive Spanish Colonial Revival style. The result is a façade that once again reflects the elegance and craftsmanship envisioned by the Torreys.","_WBS0861_HDR-Edit.jpg",{"_162":497,"_164":498,"_166":499,"_168":500,"_170":501},80,"2026 restored facade of the Torrey West House","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fsnsqfgfu1j3ctzh5lyk46xnjh21p","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fsnsqfgfu1j3ctzh5lyk46xnjh21p?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fsnsqfgfu1j3ctzh5lyk46xnjh21p?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fsnsqfgfu1j3ctzh5lyk46xnjh21p?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fsnsqfgfu1j3ctzh5lyk46xnjh21p?variant=lqip",69,"The dining room in the Torrey-West House is one of the home’s most distinctive spaces, designed in a Spanish-inspired style that reflects the romantic architectural vision of the 1920s. With its warm plaster walls, polychromed wood ceiling, and richly detailed tile work, the room creates an atmosphere both intimate and elegant. It was here that family and guests gathered for shared meals during the winter season, and today the space stands as a vivid expression of the house’s craftsmanship and character.","_WBS0494_HDR.jpg",{"_162":508,"_164":509,"_166":510,"_168":511,"_170":512},79,"The dining room","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fk818ol58gt16wvbotywv4zjk50vw","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fk818ol58gt16wvbotywv4zjk50vw?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fk818ol58gt16wvbotywv4zjk50vw?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fk818ol58gt16wvbotywv4zjk50vw?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fk818ol58gt16wvbotywv4zjk50vw?variant=lqip",68,"The butler’s pantry in the Torrey-West House reflects the home’s original design as a well-run winter estate, where service and hospitality were carefully orchestrated. Tucked between the kitchen and dining room, this working space was used for staging meals, storing china and silver, and managing the flow of service out of sight of guests. Thoughtfully designed for efficiency, it offers a glimpse into the daily rhythms of the household and the essential role of the staff who supported life in this grand coastal home.","_WBS0488_HDR (1).jpg",{"_162":519,"_164":520,"_166":521,"_168":522,"_170":523},78,"Butler's Pantry","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fbvn3mrereo9izk9lkvphwkvll8d2","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fbvn3mrereo9izk9lkvphwkvll8d2?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fbvn3mrereo9izk9lkvphwkvll8d2?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fbvn3mrereo9izk9lkvphwkvll8d2?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fbvn3mrereo9izk9lkvphwkvll8d2?variant=lqip",71,"The picture window in the Great Room of the Torrey-West House frames a sweeping view of Ossabaw Sound, Raccoon Key, and the southern tip of Wassaw Island—transforming the landscape into living art. Described by Dr. Torrey in 1925 as a “picture window,” the design was both innovative and intentional, capturing light, water, and horizon in a single expansive view.\n\nThis remarkable feature was made possible in part by Mrs. Torrey’s family legacy—her grandfather, John Baptiste Ford, founded the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, a pioneering manufacturer of large sheets of plate glass. The availability of this material allowed for expansive windows like this one, blending technological advancement with architectural vision. Here, that legacy lives on, as the window brings the coastal landscape seamlessly into the heart of the home.","_WBS0639_HDR.jpg",{"_162":530,"_164":531,"_166":532,"_168":533,"_170":534},81,"America's first picture window","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2F5sjwzzuccx521eu4awuy0a1qykqm","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2F5sjwzzuccx521eu4awuy0a1qykqm?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2F5sjwzzuccx521eu4awuy0a1qykqm?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2F5sjwzzuccx521eu4awuy0a1qykqm?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2F5sjwzzuccx521eu4awuy0a1qykqm?variant=lqip",67,"The Great Room of the Torrey-West House serves as the heart of the home—a grand yet welcoming gathering space designed for both comfort and connection. Anchored by generous proportions, warm materials, and views toward Ossabaw Sound, the room reflects the Torreys’ vision of a coastal retreat that embraced both elegance and the surrounding landscape. Historically, it was a place where family and guests came together to share stories, and long winter evenings, and the OIP members shared their work with fellow project members. Today it remains one of the most evocative spaces in the house. Photo by Bryan Stovall","_WBS0677_HDR.jpg",{"_162":541,"_164":542,"_166":543,"_168":544,"_170":545},77,"Great Room ","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fthz404gsjggyztk0e6gwtm62t6yo","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fthz404gsjggyztk0e6gwtm62t6yo?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fthz404gsjggyztk0e6gwtm62t6yo?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fthz404gsjggyztk0e6gwtm62t6yo?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fthz404gsjggyztk0e6gwtm62t6yo?variant=lqip",48,"Mrs. Torrey was a gardener and took pride in her plantings. This image is from the Torrey West family. ","Main House Lamps (1).png",{"_162":552,"_164":553,"_166":554,"_168":555,"_170":556},58,"1930s image of the front of the Torrey House","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cawgdg4fg37wnj9by85hdqccccsg","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cawgdg4fg37wnj9by85hdqccccsg?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cawgdg4fg37wnj9by85hdqccccsg?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cawgdg4fg37wnj9by85hdqccccsg?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cawgdg4fg37wnj9by85hdqccccsg?variant=lqip",49,"The house had a small walled garden and acres of gardens surrounding the house. This is the rear of the home. The image is from the Torrey family and is now in the Georgia Historical Society collection. ","Torrey West Mansion GHS.jpg",{"_162":563,"_164":564,"_166":565,"_168":566,"_170":567},59,"Torrey House garden view","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/tq8wlneqq2xclyx3l4upzlnk6o5o","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/tq8wlneqq2xclyx3l4upzlnk6o5o?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/tq8wlneqq2xclyx3l4upzlnk6o5o?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/tq8wlneqq2xclyx3l4upzlnk6o5o?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/tq8wlneqq2xclyx3l4upzlnk6o5o?variant=lqip",47,"IMG_1221.jpg",{"_162":572,"_164":573,"_166":574,"_168":468,"_170":575},57,"https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1cso5ka1ocs7lmcazsg8x9ac6he7","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1cso5ka1ocs7lmcazsg8x9ac6he7?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1cso5ka1ocs7lmcazsg8x9ac6he7?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1cso5ka1ocs7lmcazsg8x9ac6he7?variant=lqip","the-main-road","The Main Road",{"_34":69,"_65":453,"_74":454},{"_34":141,"_65":636,"_74":637},"RWP5+PJ Savannah, GA, USA","

Fifth Stop: The Main Road

The Main Road is often referred to as one of the oldest roads in Georgia. Long before European arrival, it began as an Indigenous travel route, used by Native peoples to move across Ossabaw Island. Colonial mapmakers Henry Yonge and William De Brahm later recorded this same route on 18th-century maps, labeling it an “Indian Path.”

Running along the spine of the island, the Main Road stretches approximately six miles, connecting Ossabaw’s north and south ends. Historic stone mile markers still stand along its length. These markers may have been installed shortly after 1776, when John Morel Sr. divided the island among his sons, formalizing property lines and plantation boundaries. During the plantation era, the island’s roads, ditches, causeways, and other infrastructure were built and maintained by enslaved Black laborers, who kept the system functioning until emancipation at the end of the Civil War.

Today, the Main Road remains the central corridor through Ossabaw—an enduring route layered with Indigenous, colonial, and plantation histories, and shaped by the generations who traveled, mapped, worked, and labored along its path.

Sidebar: Who Were the Indigenous People of Ossabaw?
Ossabaw Island is part of the homeland of the Guale (pronounced “wah-lee”) people, who lived along Georgia’s barrier islands for thousands of years before Spanish and English colonization. They built villages, traveled by dugout canoe, gathered oysters and fish from tidal waters, and burned sections of the maritime forest to manage game and plants. Ossabaw’s earliest roads and footpaths—including the route that later became the Main Road—were shaped by Guale movement across the landscape. Though war, disease, and displacement devastated Guale communities in the 16th and 17th centuries, their cultural legacy remains a foundational part of the island’s history.

",31.836844641596166,-81.09088791375578,[594,595,596,597],"Fifth Stop: The Main RoadThe Main Road is often referred to as one of the oldest roads in Georgia. Long before European arrival, it began as an Indigenous travel route, used by Native peoples to move across Ossabaw Island. Colonial mapmakers Henry Yonge and William De Brahm later recorded this same route on 18th-century maps, labeling it an “Indian Path.”Running along the spine of the island, the Main Road stretches approximately six miles, connecting Ossabaw’s north and south ends. Historic stone mile markers still stand along its length. These markers may have been installed shortly after 1776, when John Morel Sr. divided the island among his sons, formalizing property lines and plantation boundaries. During the plantation era, the island’s roads, ditches, causeways, and other infrastructure were built and maintained by enslaved Black laborers, who kept the system functioning until emancipation at the end of the Civil War. Today, the Main Road remains the central corridor through Ossabaw—an enduring route layered with Indigenous, colonial, and plantation histories, and shaped by the generations who traveled, mapped, worked, and labored along its path. Sidebar: Who Were the Indigenous People of Ossabaw? Ossabaw Island is part of the homeland of the Guale (pronounced “wah-lee”) people, who lived along Georgia’s barrier islands for thousands of years before Spanish and English colonization. They built villages, traveled by dugout canoe, gathered oysters and fish from tidal waters, and burned sections of the maritime forest to manage game and plants. Ossabaw’s earliest roads and footpaths—including the route that later became the Main Road—were shaped by Guale movement across the landscape. Though war, disease, and displacement devastated Guale communities in the 16th and 17th centuries, their cultural legacy remains a foundational part of the island’s history.",[592,593,576],{"_74":589,"_127":590,"_129":591},[],"Main Road looking south","The Club House is to our back. The tree planted along the Main Road were planted in the 19th century and maintained by the Torrey family. \nImage by Elizabeth DuBose","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/0w5wt5fp357z4w7amijomsyo2jgo?variant=desktop","new-stop-1741962624967","main-road",{"_99":185,"_96":628,"_127":590,"_143":629,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":630,"_149":631,"_34":433,"_152":216,"_154":629,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":629,"_74":589,"_161":-5},{"_99":84,"_96":24,"_127":619,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":620,"_149":621,"_34":422,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":622,"_161":-5},{"_99":69,"_96":244,"_127":608,"_143":144,"_145":609,"_146":610,"_147":611,"_149":612,"_34":411,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":613,"_161":610},{"_99":448,"_96":193,"_127":598,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":599,"_149":600,"_34":601,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":602,"_161":-5},"The 1760 map of Ossabaw Island by Henry Yonge and William De Brahm offers one of the earliest recorded views of the island’s landscape during Georgia’s colonial period. Created as part of a broader effort to chart the southeastern coast, the map captures key natural features, waterways, and early paths—including what was identified as an “Indian path,” reflecting long-standing Indigenous presence and movement across the island. Today, it serves as an important historical document, helping to connect Ossabaw’s present landscape to its deep and layered past.","IMG_2840.jpeg",{"_162":603,"_164":604,"_166":605,"_168":606,"_170":607},76,"1760 Map of Ossabaw Island by Henry Yonge and William De Brahm","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fl8xb4h5t8y7ltfhzst1a6yyj1v19","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fl8xb4h5t8y7ltfhzst1a6yyj1v19?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fl8xb4h5t8y7ltfhzst1a6yyj1v19?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fl8xb4h5t8y7ltfhzst1a6yyj1v19?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fl8xb4h5t8y7ltfhzst1a6yyj1v19?variant=lqip","Elizabeth DuBose from the Ossabaw Island Foundation tell a story about the road and this tree. ","//player.vimeo.com/video/1066211548","1066211548","1066211548.jpg",{"_162":614,"_164":615,"_166":616,"_168":617,"_170":618},"Welcome tree","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/nyuxzwnmhch07lfmwtx245p7log7","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/nyuxzwnmhch07lfmwtx245p7log7?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/nyuxzwnmhch07lfmwtx245p7log7?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/nyuxzwnmhch07lfmwtx245p7log7?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/nyuxzwnmhch07lfmwtx245p7log7?variant=lqip","Image by Stacey Wells taken during a Heritage Day trip","small on main road.jpg",{"_162":623,"_164":624,"_166":625,"_168":626,"_170":627},"Riving along Main Road","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/gayjjog9o3ozdg7wcgbph7u8f43e","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/gayjjog9o3ozdg7wcgbph7u8f43e?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/gayjjog9o3ozdg7wcgbph7u8f43e?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/gayjjog9o3ozdg7wcgbph7u8f43e?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/gayjjog9o3ozdg7wcgbph7u8f43e?variant=lqip",0,192,"main road.jpeg",{"_162":632,"_164":633,"_166":634,"_168":591,"_170":635},"https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/0w5wt5fp357z4w7amijomsyo2jgo","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/0w5wt5fp357z4w7amijomsyo2jgo?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/0w5wt5fp357z4w7amijomsyo2jgo?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/0w5wt5fp357z4w7amijomsyo2jgo?variant=lqip","1820s-tabby-smoke-house","1820s Tabby Smoke House",{"_34":193,"_65":576,"_74":577},{"_34":185,"_65":808,"_74":809},"RWQ5+5H Savannah, GA, USA","

Fourth Stop: The Smokehouse

Smokehouses were essential structures on Southern plantations, including those on Ossabaw Island. Before refrigeration, people relied on smokehouses to preserve meat—especially pork, the South’s most important source of protein. After winter butchering, cuts of pork were packed in salt and then hung from rafters inside the smokehouse. A slow, smoldering fire of hardwoods such as oak, hickory, or pecan produced thick smoke that dried and cured the meat over days or weeks, allowing hams, bacon, and sausages to last for many months.

On Ossabaw and throughout coastal plantations, the work that sustained the smokehouse was carried out by enslaved men, women, and children. They tended hogs, butchered, salted, smoked, and cooked the food that nourished the entire plantation. Yet, despite performing the labor and possessing the knowledge that made preservation possible, enslaved people were denied control over the meat they produced. Smokehouses were commonly kept locked by enslavers—not only to keep out animals, but to regulate rations and enforce authority. For enslaved families, supplementing those rations through gardening, foraging, fishing, and shared culinary traditions became an act of resilience, resistance, and cultural continuity.

Notice that the smoke house on Ossabaw Island is not close to where the enslaved lived but close to the overseers or owners house which was the location of the Club House.

The foodways that enslaved Africans carried to coastal Georgia continue to influence Southern cuisine today. Smokehouses, once viewed simply as storage buildings, now stand as reminders of the skill, endurance, and creativity of the people whose labor sustained plantation life.

Sidebar: Ossabaw Island Pigs

The hogs raised for smokehouse curing were the ancestors of today’s Ossabaw Island Pig, a unique feral breed that still lives on the island. Brought to the Georgia coast by Spanish colonizers in the 1500s, these small, hardy pigs adapted to Ossabaw’s forests, marsh edges, and saltwater environment. Their ability to store fat and survive on wild foods helped sustain generations of island residents—including enslaved people who trapped or hunted hogs to supplement meager rations. Today, Ossabaw pigs are recognized as a rare heritage breed, descended from the animals tied to the island’s earliest agricultural history.

Sidebar: Built of Tabby — Coastal Concrete with African Roots
This smokehouse is constructed of tabby, a coastal concrete made from oyster shell, sand, lime, and water. The technology was used on the Georgia and Carolina coasts during the plantation era, but its origins trace back to West Africa—especially Ghana now Senegal—where similar coastal ecosystems provided the same natural materials. Enslaved West African builders brought their knowledge of tabby construction to this region, and their skill shaped many of the enduring structures still standing on Ossabaw and across the Lowcountry.

Inside the smokehouse today, you can see a wooden form used in tabby construction. Wet tabby was poured into these molds; once a section hardened, the form was removed, raised, and reused to build the next layer—creating walls one “pour” at a time.

Also on display is a curved section, or rib, of an 18th-century boat. This artifact represents the shipbuilding that took place on Ossabaw during the colonial era, when the island’s strong, curved live oak trees were harvested to build durable wooden vessels for the Atlantic world. The labor for this shipbuilding—cutting timber, shaping hulls, and outfitting boats—was performed by enslaved men, whose skilled work supported maritime commerce just as their labor sustained plantation agriculture.",31.837956630963692,-81.09111321931303,[656,657,658,659,660,661,662,663,664,665,666,667,668,669],"Fourth Stop: The SmokehouseSmokehouses were essential structures on Southern plantations, including those on Ossabaw Island. Before refrigeration, people relied on smokehouses to preserve meat—especially pork, the South’s most important source of protein. After winter butchering, cuts of pork were packed in salt and then hung from rafters inside the smokehouse. A slow, smoldering fire of hardwoods such as oak, hickory, or pecan produced thick smoke that dried and cured the meat over days or weeks, allowing hams, bacon, and sausages to last for many months. On Ossabaw and throughout coastal plantations, the work that sustained the smokehouse was carried out by enslaved men, women, and children. They tended hogs, butchered, salted, smoked, and cooked the food that nourished the entire plantation. Yet, despite performing the labor and possessing the knowledge that made preservation possible, enslaved people were denied control over the meat they produced. Smokehouses were commonly kept locked by enslavers—not only to keep out animals, but to regulate rations and enforce authority. For enslaved families, supplementing those rations through gardening, foraging, fishing, and shared culinary traditions became an act of resilience, resistance, and cultural continuity. Notice that the smoke house on Ossabaw Island is not close to where the enslaved lived but close to the overseers or owners house which was the location of the Club House. The foodways that enslaved Africans carried to coastal Georgia continue to influence Southern cuisine today. Smokehouses, once viewed simply as storage buildings, now stand as reminders of the skill, endurance, and creativity of the people whose labor sustained plantation life. Sidebar: Ossabaw Island PigsThe hogs raised for smokehouse curing were the ancestors of today’s Ossabaw Island Pig, a unique feral breed that still lives on the island. Brought to the Georgia coast by Spanish colonizers in the 1500s, these small, hardy pigs adapted to Ossabaw’s forests, marsh edges, and saltwater environment. Their ability to store fat and survive on wild foods helped sustain generations of island residents—including enslaved people who trapped or hunted hogs to supplement meager rations. Today, Ossabaw pigs are recognized as a rare heritage breed, descended from the animals tied to the island’s earliest agricultural history. Sidebar: Built of Tabby — Coastal Concrete with African Roots This smokehouse is constructed of tabby, a coastal concrete made from oyster shell, sand, lime, and water. The technology was used on the Georgia and Carolina coasts during the plantation era, but its origins trace back to West Africa—especially Ghana now Senegal—where similar coastal ecosystems provided the same natural materials. Enslaved West African builders brought their knowledge of tabby construction to this region, and their skill shaped many of the enduring structures still standing on Ossabaw and across the Lowcountry. Inside the smokehouse today, you can see a wooden form used in tabby construction. Wet tabby was poured into these molds; once a section hardened, the form was removed, raised, and reused to build the next layer—creating walls one “pour” at a time. Also on display is a curved section, or rib, of an 18th-century boat. This artifact represents the shipbuilding that took place on Ossabaw during the colonial era, when the island’s strong, curved live oak trees were harvested to build durable wooden vessels for the Atlantic world. The labor for this shipbuilding—cutting timber, shaping hulls, and outfitting boats—was performed by enslaved men, whose skilled work supported maritime commerce just as their labor sustained plantation agriculture.",[652,653,654,655,636],{"_74":649,"_127":650,"_129":651},[],"Historic photo of the smoke house"," An early addition has been added after the building was not longer used as a smoke house. Ironically a early refrigeration system was put in the smoke house for island employees. Photo courtesy of the Torrey family. GHS Collection","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/bvrsjlbtevikpyleiz7n6zfbppgz?variant=desktop","new-stop-1761059916174","tabby-s","tabby-smoke-house","1820tabby-smoke-house",{"_99":250,"_96":24,"_127":650,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":802,"_149":803,"_34":546,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":649,"_161":-5},{"_99":236,"_96":244,"_127":793,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":794,"_149":795,"_34":301,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":796,"_161":-5},{"_99":223,"_96":193,"_127":784,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":785,"_149":786,"_34":289,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":787,"_161":-5},{"_99":767,"_96":216,"_127":774,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":775,"_149":776,"_34":777,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":778,"_161":-5},{"_99":763,"_96":153,"_127":764,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":765,"_149":766,"_34":767,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":768,"_161":-5},{"_99":208,"_96":185,"_127":754,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":755,"_149":756,"_34":557,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":757,"_161":-5},{"_99":741,"_96":84,"_127":742,"_143":743,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":744,"_149":745,"_34":172,"_152":216,"_154":746,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":747,"_74":748,"_161":-5},{"_99":731,"_96":141,"_127":732,"_143":257,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":733,"_149":734,"_34":140,"_152":216,"_154":195,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":155,"_74":735,"_161":-5},{"_99":550,"_96":69,"_127":722,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":723,"_149":724,"_34":513,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":725,"_161":-5},{"_99":711,"_96":712,"_127":713,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":714,"_149":715,"_34":680,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":716,"_161":-5},{"_99":561,"_96":701,"_127":702,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":703,"_149":704,"_34":502,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":705,"_161":-5},{"_99":294,"_96":691,"_127":692,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":693,"_149":694,"_34":524,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":695,"_161":-5},{"_99":680,"_96":681,"_127":682,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":683,"_149":684,"_34":480,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":685,"_161":-5},{"_99":305,"_96":670,"_127":671,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":672,"_149":673,"_34":491,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":674,"_161":-5},14,"Enslaved men cross cutting wood for ship building. ","IMG_0505.jpg",{"_162":675,"_164":676,"_166":677,"_168":678,"_170":679},"Ship building in the 18th century","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/5z4s7ywrlcqud8snaxl32egwnh6m","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/5z4s7ywrlcqud8snaxl32egwnh6m?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/5z4s7ywrlcqud8snaxl32egwnh6m?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/5z4s7ywrlcqud8snaxl32egwnh6m?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/5z4s7ywrlcqud8snaxl32egwnh6m?variant=lqip",62,13,"Hewing a knee for a wooden ship using live oak. ","IMG_0322.jpg",{"_162":686,"_164":687,"_166":688,"_168":689,"_170":690},"Hewing out a knee","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/88tgcel300kc7u376lpoos8ga9b9","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/88tgcel300kc7u376lpoos8ga9b9?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/88tgcel300kc7u376lpoos8ga9b9?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/88tgcel300kc7u376lpoos8ga9b9?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/88tgcel300kc7u376lpoos8ga9b9?variant=lqip",12,"identifying different parts of a wooden ship using the natural growth of the tree. ","IMG_0318.jpg",{"_162":696,"_164":697,"_166":698,"_168":699,"_170":700},"Ship parts in the trees","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ing1jxqj87dhz5nulu72heicitrn","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ing1jxqj87dhz5nulu72heicitrn?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ing1jxqj87dhz5nulu72heicitrn?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ing1jxqj87dhz5nulu72heicitrn?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ing1jxqj87dhz5nulu72heicitrn?variant=lqip",11,"photo by Elizabeth DuBose","9B327676-8B49-4276-9BF7-59502B84B1A6.JPG",{"_162":706,"_164":707,"_166":708,"_168":709,"_170":710},"Liveoak ship rib","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/hcw396pkutyytktepktqq2945bom","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/hcw396pkutyytktepktqq2945bom?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/hcw396pkutyytktepktqq2945bom?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/hcw396pkutyytktepktqq2945bom?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/hcw396pkutyytktepktqq2945bom?variant=lqip",52,10,"Painting by Adrienne Berkland of the ship timber located in the smoke house. ","Berkland_barn_8x10.jpg",{"_162":717,"_164":718,"_166":719,"_168":720,"_170":721},"Painting of the ship timber inside the smokehouse.","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ow842186abfrt0f05cuoayo1zbcp","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ow842186abfrt0f05cuoayo1zbcp?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ow842186abfrt0f05cuoayo1zbcp?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ow842186abfrt0f05cuoayo1zbcp?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ow842186abfrt0f05cuoayo1zbcp?variant=lqip","Image from Iconographic Encyclopedia of science, Literature and Art.","caulking-of-a-vessel-colored-engraving-19th-century-DFWHX6.jpg",{"_162":726,"_164":727,"_166":728,"_168":729,"_170":730},"Caulking of a vessel colored engraving","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/7fk1mawriyf778ansx47rgcag9f1","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/7fk1mawriyf778ansx47rgcag9f1?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/7fk1mawriyf778ansx47rgcag9f1?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/7fk1mawriyf778ansx47rgcag9f1?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/7fk1mawriyf778ansx47rgcag9f1?variant=lqip",44,"An example of how the wooden tabby form was used to create a wall. Notice the two earlier pours the third pour is being added. Courtesy of National Park Service","IMG_8569.jpg",{"_162":736,"_164":737,"_166":738,"_168":739,"_170":740},"Building a tabby structure","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/acmq85noh60g3b79uyp3atu9qr2c","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/acmq85noh60g3b79uyp3atu9qr2c?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/acmq85noh60g3b79uyp3atu9qr2c?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/acmq85noh60g3b79uyp3atu9qr2c?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/acmq85noh60g3b79uyp3atu9qr2c?variant=lqip",43,"The form is full of the coastal concrete tabby. Photo by Elizabeth DuBose",651,"tabby form.jpg",{"_162":749,"_164":750,"_166":751,"_168":752,"_170":753},260,347,"Tabby Form","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/bdgt5dcbvy8xqbr46y1kmhbl61qm","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/bdgt5dcbvy8xqbr46y1kmhbl61qm?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/bdgt5dcbvy8xqbr46y1kmhbl61qm?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/bdgt5dcbvy8xqbr46y1kmhbl61qm?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/bdgt5dcbvy8xqbr46y1kmhbl61qm?variant=lqip","\"live oaking\" felling a large live oak to used in ship building. Courtesy of Dorinda Dallmeyer.","IMG_0319.jpg",{"_162":758,"_164":759,"_166":760,"_168":761,"_170":762},"Live Oaking","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cce7zkllmtova3ut2i91aov850oc","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cce7zkllmtova3ut2i91aov850oc?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cce7zkllmtova3ut2i91aov850oc?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cce7zkllmtova3ut2i91aov850oc?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cce7zkllmtova3ut2i91aov850oc?variant=lqip",55,"Photo by Elizabeth DuBose","IMG_3507.jpg",{"_162":769,"_164":770,"_166":771,"_168":772,"_170":773},65,"Ossabaw Pigs","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/o7e14gs5c2c3m7nwpxv2451dvcn6","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/o7e14gs5c2c3m7nwpxv2451dvcn6?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/o7e14gs5c2c3m7nwpxv2451dvcn6?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/o7e14gs5c2c3m7nwpxv2451dvcn6?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/o7e14gs5c2c3m7nwpxv2451dvcn6?variant=lqip","Hams are traditionally cured by rubbing them with a mixture of salt, sugar, and sometimes spices, then allowing them to rest for several weeks so the cure can penetrate and preserve the meat. After curing, the hams are rinsed, dried, and hung in a smokehouse where they are slowly smoked over hardwood—such as hickory or oak—at low temperatures for several days to weeks. This slow smoking process imparts flavor, deepens color, and further preserves the ham before it is aged or stored. Photo credit: Getty Image","gettyimages-1039209020-612x612.jpg",{"_162":779,"_164":780,"_166":781,"_168":782,"_170":783},75,"Hams smoking in a tabby smoke house","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fvxyeytpxntx10nwhkmkuv2el9y94","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fvxyeytpxntx10nwhkmkuv2el9y94?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fvxyeytpxntx10nwhkmkuv2el9y94?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fvxyeytpxntx10nwhkmkuv2el9y94?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fvxyeytpxntx10nwhkmkuv2el9y94?variant=lqip","To the left of the tabby building is a wooden structure added in 1924 by the Torrey's to house the generator used to power the club house and boarding house. Photo by Elizabeth DuBose","Item-13dt-DayTrip-North-end-Photo.png",{"_162":788,"_164":789,"_166":790,"_168":791,"_170":792},"Entrance to the smoke house","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/gbuuhjzxratsc6c5um30n9h939a7","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/gbuuhjzxratsc6c5um30n9h939a7?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/gbuuhjzxratsc6c5um30n9h939a7?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/gbuuhjzxratsc6c5um30n9h939a7?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/gbuuhjzxratsc6c5um30n9h939a7?variant=lqip","Some time after the building was no longer used as smoke house it was expanded for storage the brick front is the expansion of the original building. Photo by Fran Lapolla.","Ossabaw2016.jpg",{"_162":797,"_164":798,"_166":799,"_168":800,"_170":801},"Smoke House with front brick addition.","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/2dps976g2xhl6pmkeykx1br6gdlv","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/2dps976g2xhl6pmkeykx1br6gdlv?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/2dps976g2xhl6pmkeykx1br6gdlv?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/2dps976g2xhl6pmkeykx1br6gdlv?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/2dps976g2xhl6pmkeykx1br6gdlv?variant=lqip","IMG_1674.jpg",{"_162":804,"_164":805,"_166":806,"_168":651,"_170":807},"https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/bvrsjlbtevikpyleiz7n6zfbppgz","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/bvrsjlbtevikpyleiz7n6zfbppgz?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/bvrsjlbtevikpyleiz7n6zfbppgz?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/bvrsjlbtevikpyleiz7n6zfbppgz?variant=lqip","ossabaw-island-indigo","Ossabaw Island Indigo",{"_34":141,"_65":636,"_74":637},{"_34":24,"_65":923,"_74":924},"RWQ5+4V Savannah, GA, USA","

Third Stop: Indigo in Front of the Club House

Indigo plants (Indigofera suffruticosa) grow wild on the north end of Ossabaw Island. During the colonial period, this part of the island was the site of a plantation owned by the Morel family. Enslaved Africans lived and labored here, cultivating crops—including indigo—for the profit of their enslavers.

In the 1600s and 1700s, blue dye was a symbol of wealth, power, and status. As England expanded its colonies in the New World, a settlement’s success often depended on producing valuable export commodities. Along the Georgia coast, planters increased their fortunes by adding indigo—a highly prized source of blue dye—to their already lucrative exports of rice and timber. Coastal Georgia’s indigo boom lasted until cotton surpassed it in the early 1800s.

The knowledge that made indigo production possible did not originate with the planters. Enslaved Africans brought expertise in growing, fermenting, and processing indigo, transforming its leaves into valuable dye through a complex, multi-stage process. Their skill fueled the industry’s success on Ossabaw and across the Lowcountry.

Today, the Ossabaw Island Foundation honors this legacy by offering hands-on indigo dyeing workshops using Ossabaw’s naturally growing plants.

How Indigo Becomes Dye
Indigo leaves are soaked in water and fermented to release a blue pigment, which is then aerated and dried into a blue powder. It is the powder that was exported to Great Britain to be used in the textile mills. When mixed into a dye vat, the liquid appears yellow-green—only turning deep blue when cloth is lifted into the air and oxidizes.

Source:
Bitler, James. “Indigo.” New Georgia Encyclopedia. ",31.837774338543028,-81.09034074311674,[825,826,827,828,829,830,831,832,833],"Third Stop: Indigo in Front of the Club HouseIndigo plants (Indigofera suffruticosa) grow wild on the north end of Ossabaw Island. During the colonial period, this part of the island was the site of a plantation owned by the Morel family. Enslaved Africans lived and labored here, cultivating crops—including indigo—for the profit of their enslavers. In the 1600s and 1700s, blue dye was a symbol of wealth, power, and status. As England expanded its colonies in the New World, a settlement’s success often depended on producing valuable export commodities. Along the Georgia coast, planters increased their fortunes by adding indigo—a highly prized source of blue dye—to their already lucrative exports of rice and timber. Coastal Georgia’s indigo boom lasted until cotton surpassed it in the early 1800s. The knowledge that made indigo production possible did not originate with the planters. Enslaved Africans brought expertise in growing, fermenting, and processing indigo, transforming its leaves into valuable dye through a complex, multi-stage process. Their skill fueled the industry’s success on Ossabaw and across the Lowcountry. Today, the Ossabaw Island Foundation honors this legacy by offering hands-on indigo dyeing workshops using Ossabaw’s naturally growing plants. How Indigo Becomes Dye Indigo leaves are soaked in water and fermented to release a blue pigment, which is then aerated and dried into a blue powder. It is the powder that was exported to Great Britain to be used in the textile mills. When mixed into a dye vat, the liquid appears yellow-green—only turning deep blue when cloth is lifted into the air and oxidizes. Source: Bitler, James. “Indigo.” New Georgia Encyclopedia. ",[824,808],{"_74":821,"_127":822,"_129":823},[],"Dyed indigo fabric","Every September the Ossabaw Island Foundation offers indigo dye workshops. These are the creations from a workshop. The workshop takes place in front of the Club House. Photo by Elizabeth DuBose","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1em01yxes0nqovu8bqsfevezy8pq?variant=desktop","new-stop-1747249341495",{"_99":426,"_96":24,"_127":822,"_143":257,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":916,"_149":917,"_34":918,"_152":216,"_154":195,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":155,"_74":821,"_161":-5},{"_99":571,"_96":244,"_127":908,"_143":257,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":909,"_149":910,"_34":535,"_152":216,"_154":195,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":155,"_74":867,"_161":-5},{"_99":878,"_96":193,"_127":895,"_143":896,"_145":897,"_146":898,"_147":899,"_149":900,"_34":901,"_152":193,"_154":194,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":195,"_74":902,"_161":898},{"_99":846,"_96":216,"_127":885,"_143":218,"_145":886,"_146":887,"_147":888,"_149":889,"_34":853,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":809,"_161":887},{"_99":437,"_96":153,"_127":873,"_143":144,"_145":874,"_146":875,"_147":876,"_149":877,"_34":878,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":879,"_161":875},{"_99":863,"_96":185,"_127":864,"_143":257,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":865,"_149":866,"_34":763,"_152":216,"_154":195,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":155,"_74":867,"_161":-5},{"_99":853,"_96":84,"_127":854,"_143":257,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":855,"_149":856,"_34":444,"_152":216,"_154":195,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":155,"_74":857,"_161":-5},{"_99":415,"_96":141,"_127":843,"_143":257,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":844,"_149":845,"_34":846,"_152":216,"_154":195,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":155,"_74":847,"_161":-5},{"_99":192,"_96":69,"_127":834,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":835,"_149":836,"_34":568,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":837,"_161":-5},"Work from the September workshops offered by the Ossabaw Island Foundation. Photo by Elizabeth DuBose","FTL_7322.JPG",{"_162":838,"_164":839,"_166":840,"_168":841,"_170":842},"Indigo dyed fabric","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/p9ehrwk6vrkbe882zqieb0w6ajbr","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/p9ehrwk6vrkbe882zqieb0w6ajbr?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/p9ehrwk6vrkbe882zqieb0w6ajbr?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/p9ehrwk6vrkbe882zqieb0w6ajbr?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/p9ehrwk6vrkbe882zqieb0w6ajbr?variant=lqip","The blue has been leeched from the leaves and cooper sheen forms on the top when the fermentation is complete. Photo by Elizabeth DuBose","IMG_2840.JPG",{"_162":848,"_164":849,"_166":850,"_168":851,"_170":852},36,"Fermented indigo water.","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/wzndikzv2l090gx8f8bjl5k6aqww","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/wzndikzv2l090gx8f8bjl5k6aqww?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/wzndikzv2l090gx8f8bjl5k6aqww?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/wzndikzv2l090gx8f8bjl5k6aqww?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/wzndikzv2l090gx8f8bjl5k6aqww?variant=lqip",46,"The picked leaves before water is added and the bucket is set in the sun to ferment. Photo by Elizabeth DuBose","IMG_0814.JPG",{"_162":858,"_164":859,"_166":860,"_168":861,"_170":862},"Indigo leaves","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/7c6thjq4jt34lbdmkk3qu5ab7ha3","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/7c6thjq4jt34lbdmkk3qu5ab7ha3?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/7c6thjq4jt34lbdmkk3qu5ab7ha3?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/7c6thjq4jt34lbdmkk3qu5ab7ha3?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/7c6thjq4jt34lbdmkk3qu5ab7ha3?variant=lqip",45,"Indigo plants (Indigofera suffruticosa) grow wild on the north end of Ossabaw Island. Photo by Elizabeth DuBose","IMG_8257.jpg",{"_162":868,"_164":869,"_166":870,"_168":871,"_170":872},"Indigo plants (Indigofera suffruticosa)","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/y62j8506kvbut6b0hp04vp7mknap","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/y62j8506kvbut6b0hp04vp7mknap?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/y62j8506kvbut6b0hp04vp7mknap?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/y62j8506kvbut6b0hp04vp7mknap?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/y62j8506kvbut6b0hp04vp7mknap?variant=lqip","A question and answer about Ossabaw Island's indigo history","//player.vimeo.com/video/1084361276","1084361276","1084361276.jpg",{"_162":880,"_164":881,"_166":882,"_168":883,"_170":884},33,"Questions about Ossabaw indigo","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/4j2qxrgm95dbebnypw332gcrpsu4","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/4j2qxrgm95dbebnypw332gcrpsu4?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/4j2qxrgm95dbebnypw332gcrpsu4?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/4j2qxrgm95dbebnypw332gcrpsu4?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/4j2qxrgm95dbebnypw332gcrpsu4?variant=lqip","Indigo suffruticosa has naturalized on Ossabaw Island, Georgia. It has been growing on Ossabaw's north end since the 1760s. This is a film talking about the processing the plant to dye product.","//www.youtube.com/embed/vG-Vin3XLOE","vG-Vin3XLOE","vG-Vin3XLOE.jpg",{"_162":890,"_164":891,"_166":892,"_168":893,"_170":894},"https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/nkz72a49svg9gvlxrqffw9fglwsc","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/nkz72a49svg9gvlxrqffw9fglwsc?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/nkz72a49svg9gvlxrqffw9fglwsc?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/nkz72a49svg9gvlxrqffw9fglwsc?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/nkz72a49svg9gvlxrqffw9fglwsc?variant=lqip","The fabric will turn from bright green to blue once the fabric is exposed to the oxygen. This is the magic of indigo dyeing. ",422,"//player.vimeo.com/video/609306359","609306359","609306359.jpg",{"_162":903,"_164":904,"_166":905,"_168":906,"_170":907},42,"Watch the oxidization of the fabric","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/d3xtpcwwkc1n8zvjumfed2c5s4yl","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/d3xtpcwwkc1n8zvjumfed2c5s4yl?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/d3xtpcwwkc1n8zvjumfed2c5s4yl?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/d3xtpcwwkc1n8zvjumfed2c5s4yl?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/d3xtpcwwkc1n8zvjumfed2c5s4yl?variant=lqip","Indigo growing in front of the Club House. Photo by Elizabeth DuBose","IMG_0456.JPG",{"_162":911,"_164":912,"_166":913,"_168":914,"_170":915},"https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/qkyc0sxzkl3zycrg371gu6fqitaw","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/qkyc0sxzkl3zycrg371gu6fqitaw?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/qkyc0sxzkl3zycrg371gu6fqitaw?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/qkyc0sxzkl3zycrg371gu6fqitaw?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/qkyc0sxzkl3zycrg371gu6fqitaw?variant=lqip","IMG_4014.jpg",{"_162":919,"_164":920,"_166":921,"_168":823,"_170":922},34,"https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1em01yxes0nqovu8bqsfevezy8pq","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1em01yxes0nqovu8bqsfevezy8pq?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1em01yxes0nqovu8bqsfevezy8pq?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1em01yxes0nqovu8bqsfevezy8pq?variant=lqip","club-house-1887","Club House, 1887",{"_34":185,"_65":808,"_74":809},{"_34":244,"_65":18,"_74":1005},"RWQ5+4W Savannah, GA, USA","

Second Stop: The 1887 Club House

As you walk up the palm-lined causeway from Torrey Landing, the first building you see is the 1887 Club House. Its name comes from its earliest purpose—a rustic hunting lodge that welcomed visitors to Ossabaw long before the Torreys arrived.

The building standing here today is believed to be John Waterbury’s “portable house”, brought from New York and assembled on the island in 1887. It is likely the third structure built on this site; the second was destroyed by the powerful hurricane of August 1885.

The story begins in 1886, when John Waterbury of New York purchased Ossabaw Island as his winter retreat. A March 24, 1887 Savannah Morning News article titled “The Purchase and Improvement by a Wealthy New Yorker” reported that “Mr. Waterbury brought a portable house from the North and erected it on the island.”

When the Torrey family purchased Ossabaw in 1924, the Club House took on a new role. By 1926, it housed the family’s island manager, Mr. Strouffer, an English gardener who helped care for the estate and the island.

Decades later, the Club House became a home once again. Mrs. Eleanor Torrey West, the Torreys’ daughter, lived here while visiting the island during the Ossabaw Island Project sessions that ran from 1961 to 1982. Mrs. West welcomed artists, writers, scientists, and students to Ossabaw Island. (You can learn more about Mrs. West’s work at Stop 6)

The Club House was renovated in 2002 by the Ossabaw Island Foundation and now offers comfortable, dormitory-style accommodations for those lucky enough to stay on Ossabaw Island today.

Imagine standing here beneath the live oak trees, where generations of guests—from Gilded Age hunters to twentieth-century visionaries—have arrived to begin their own Ossabaw adventures.

",31.837774338543007,-81.09021199708403,[941,942,943,944,945,946,947],"Second Stop: The 1887 Club HouseAs you walk up the palm-lined causeway from Torrey Landing, the first building you see is the 1887 Club House. Its name comes from its earliest purpose—a rustic hunting lodge that welcomed visitors to Ossabaw long before the Torreys arrived. The building standing here today is believed to be John Waterbury’s “portable house”, brought from New York and assembled on the island in 1887. It is likely the third structure built on this site; the second was destroyed by the powerful hurricane of August 1885.The story begins in 1886, when John Waterbury of New York purchased Ossabaw Island as his winter retreat. A March 24, 1887 Savannah Morning News article titled “The Purchase and Improvement by a Wealthy New Yorker” reported that “Mr. Waterbury brought a portable house from the North and erected it on the island.”When the Torrey family purchased Ossabaw in 1924, the Club House took on a new role. By 1926, it housed the family’s island manager, Mr. Strouffer, an English gardener who helped care for the estate and the island. Decades later, the Club House became a home once again. Mrs. Eleanor Torrey West, the Torreys’ daughter, lived here while visiting the island during the Ossabaw Island Project sessions that ran from 1961 to 1982. Mrs. West welcomed artists, writers, scientists, and students to Ossabaw Island. (You can learn more about Mrs. West’s work at Stop 6)The Club House was renovated in 2002 by the Ossabaw Island Foundation and now offers comfortable, dormitory-style accommodations for those lucky enough to stay on Ossabaw Island today. Imagine standing here beneath the live oak trees, where generations of guests—from Gilded Age hunters to twentieth-century visionaries—have arrived to begin their own Ossabaw adventures.",[939,940,923],{"_74":936,"_127":937,"_129":938},[],"Early image of the Club House","The photographer is standing with their back to the Main Road. Notice the early car in the front of the house. The Club House literally stands at a fork in the road on the north end of Ossabaw Island. Photo courtesy of the Torrey family. GHS Collection","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/lddzax96jb4vl2qcfhcu6rgle8z4?variant=desktop","new-stop-1741895085621","club-house",{"_99":701,"_96":24,"_127":937,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":999,"_149":1000,"_34":346,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":936,"_161":-5},{"_99":712,"_96":244,"_127":990,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":991,"_149":992,"_34":401,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":993,"_161":-5},{"_99":153,"_96":193,"_127":981,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":982,"_149":983,"_34":69,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":984,"_161":-5},{"_99":193,"_96":216,"_127":313,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":973,"_149":974,"_34":84,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":975,"_161":-5},{"_99":244,"_96":153,"_127":964,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":965,"_149":966,"_34":185,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":967,"_161":-5},{"_99":216,"_96":185,"_127":313,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":956,"_149":957,"_34":141,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":958,"_161":-5},{"_99":151,"_96":185,"_127":948,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":949,"_149":950,"_34":380,"_152":301,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":949,"_161":-5},"March 24, 1887 Savannah Moring News Article announcing the construction of Ossabaw's Club House by New York's James M. Waterberry.","IMG_5220.jpeg",{"_162":951,"_164":952,"_166":953,"_168":954,"_170":955},"https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fdu746sx6rm1abuvbjedopq8828bv","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fdu746sx6rm1abuvbjedopq8828bv?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fdu746sx6rm1abuvbjedopq8828bv?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fdu746sx6rm1abuvbjedopq8828bv?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ossabawisland%2Fdu746sx6rm1abuvbjedopq8828bv?variant=lqip","Julian Buckmaster club house.jpg",{"_162":959,"_164":960,"_166":961,"_168":962,"_170":963},"Georgia Conservancy group staying in the Club House for a service weekend.","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/se46unnee7blonl6kwi54tf6p91t","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/se46unnee7blonl6kwi54tf6p91t?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/se46unnee7blonl6kwi54tf6p91t?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/se46unnee7blonl6kwi54tf6p91t?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/se46unnee7blonl6kwi54tf6p91t?variant=lqip","Photo by Fran Lapolla","ClubHousePorch-e1404850695978.jpg",{"_162":968,"_164":969,"_166":970,"_168":971,"_170":972},"Main Road side of the Club House porch","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/r79q386q6qe4mmbqno16hs157bsx","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/r79q386q6qe4mmbqno16hs157bsx?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/r79q386q6qe4mmbqno16hs157bsx?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/r79q386q6qe4mmbqno16hs157bsx?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/r79q386q6qe4mmbqno16hs157bsx?variant=lqip","Julian Buckmaster club house1.jpg",{"_162":976,"_164":977,"_166":978,"_168":979,"_170":980},"Modern view of the east end of the Club House","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yxkzezjzyc77w6fws12g0p07jn6m","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yxkzezjzyc77w6fws12g0p07jn6m?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yxkzezjzyc77w6fws12g0p07jn6m?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yxkzezjzyc77w6fws12g0p07jn6m?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yxkzezjzyc77w6fws12g0p07jn6m?variant=lqip","In 1999 the Ossabaw Island Foundation undertook a $300,000 rehabilitation of the Club House. The building is now used to house Ossabaw Island visitors. TOIF photo collection. ","4-CLUB HOUSE.jpg",{"_162":985,"_164":986,"_166":987,"_168":988,"_170":989},"Before and After of the Club House","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/i2553svu7jpccchn2x3xj7bxwf8x","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/i2553svu7jpccchn2x3xj7bxwf8x?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/i2553svu7jpccchn2x3xj7bxwf8x?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/i2553svu7jpccchn2x3xj7bxwf8x?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/i2553svu7jpccchn2x3xj7bxwf8x?variant=lqip","Photo courtesy of the Torrey family. GHS Collection","IMG_9508.jpg",{"_162":994,"_164":995,"_166":996,"_168":997,"_170":998},"Early image of the east end of the Club House.","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/pezkjfvsozxxzxtminw3xazakb8j","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/pezkjfvsozxxzxtminw3xazakb8j?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/pezkjfvsozxxzxtminw3xazakb8j?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/pezkjfvsozxxzxtminw3xazakb8j?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/pezkjfvsozxxzxtminw3xazakb8j?variant=lqip","IMG_9506.jpg",{"_162":1001,"_164":1002,"_166":1003,"_168":938,"_170":1004},"https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/lddzax96jb4vl2qcfhcu6rgle8z4","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/lddzax96jb4vl2qcfhcu6rgle8z4?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/lddzax96jb4vl2qcfhcu6rgle8z4?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/lddzax96jb4vl2qcfhcu6rgle8z4?variant=lqip","Torrey Landing, 1924",{"_34":24,"_65":923,"_74":924},"RWR6+5P Savannah, GA, USA","

First Stop: Torrey Landing

Welcome to Torrey Landing—the first place you would arrive if you came to Ossabaw Island by boat. Imagine the breeze off the Ogeechee River and the rhythmic splash of water against the hull as you approach this historic gateway to the island.

The Torrey family purchased Ossabaw Island in 1924 as a winter retreat, a warm escape from the cold, gray winters of Grosse Pointe, Michigan. Two years later, in 1926, they built a jetty made of hundreds of wooden pilings. Though time and tide have worn it down, remnants of that jetty still rise from the water as you round Egg Island—a quiet reminder of the Torreys’ arrival a century ago in their 48 foot, mahogany yacht, the Tamarack IV.

The jetty was carefully engineered to deepen and direct the river’s flow toward the island’s north end, guiding boats safely to shore. This spot became known as the Torrey Landing, and it remains Ossabaw’s historic point of arrival.

Today, Torrey Landing sits on a narrow, shallow channel on the south side of the Ogeechee River, just west of two small marsh islands known as the Egg Islands. From here, the story of Ossabaw unfolds.

",31.84039931465307,-81.08823789124907,[1022,1023,1024,1025,1026,1027],"First Stop: Torrey LandingWelcome to Torrey Landing—the first place you would arrive if you came to Ossabaw Island by boat. Imagine the breeze off the Ogeechee River and the rhythmic splash of water against the hull as you approach this historic gateway to the island. The Torrey family purchased Ossabaw Island in 1924 as a winter retreat, a warm escape from the cold, gray winters of Grosse Pointe, Michigan. Two years later, in 1926, they built a jetty made of hundreds of wooden pilings. Though time and tide have worn it down, remnants of that jetty still rise from the water as you round Egg Island—a quiet reminder of the Torreys’ arrival a century ago in their 48 foot, mahogany yacht, the Tamarack IV. The jetty was carefully engineered to deepen and direct the river’s flow toward the island’s north end, guiding boats safely to shore. This spot became known as the Torrey Landing, and it remains Ossabaw’s historic point of arrival. Today, Torrey Landing sits on a narrow, shallow channel on the south side of the Ogeechee River, just west of two small marsh islands known as the Egg Islands. From here, the story of Ossabaw unfolds.",[1019,1020,1021,18],{"_74":1016,"_127":1017,"_129":1018},[],"Modern image of Torrey Landing","Photo by Fran Lapolla. ","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ceb7uye90jdjunw54u3pgj1zc9px?variant=desktop","new-stop-1741896687398","torrey-landing","torrey-landing-19",{"_99":24,"_96":24,"_127":1017,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":1077,"_149":1078,"_34":153,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":1016,"_161":-5},{"_99":141,"_96":244,"_127":1066,"_143":144,"_145":1067,"_146":1068,"_147":1069,"_149":1070,"_34":1028,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":1071,"_161":1068},{"_99":918,"_96":193,"_127":990,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":1058,"_149":1059,"_34":731,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":1060,"_161":-5},{"_99":1048,"_96":216,"_127":1049,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":1050,"_149":1051,"_34":863,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":1052,"_161":-5},{"_99":681,"_96":153,"_127":1039,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":1040,"_149":1041,"_34":322,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":1042,"_161":-5},{"_99":1028,"_96":185,"_127":1029,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":1030,"_149":1031,"_34":1032,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":1033,"_161":-5},17,"The Torrey's planted these palm trees after the causeway was built in 1924. Photo by Fran Lapolla","Ossabaw_05.jpg",{"_162":1034,"_164":1035,"_166":1036,"_168":1037,"_170":1038},26,"Palm lined causeway looking towards Torrey Landing","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/z9ffxxh67z0mxri2bor0sgj2g0n1","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/z9ffxxh67z0mxri2bor0sgj2g0n1?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/z9ffxxh67z0mxri2bor0sgj2g0n1?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/z9ffxxh67z0mxri2bor0sgj2g0n1?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/z9ffxxh67z0mxri2bor0sgj2g0n1?variant=lqip","Made from hundreds of palm trees. Photo courtesy of the Torrey family. GHS Collection","IMG_9509.jpg",{"_162":1043,"_164":1044,"_166":1045,"_168":1046,"_170":1047},"1926 construction of the jetty","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ab2y5ibq9ho4cykfrr9lqiraqeby","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ab2y5ibq9ho4cykfrr9lqiraqeby?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ab2y5ibq9ho4cykfrr9lqiraqeby?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ab2y5ibq9ho4cykfrr9lqiraqeby?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ab2y5ibq9ho4cykfrr9lqiraqeby?variant=lqip",35,"The Torrey's had custom china for their yacht. Photo courtesy of the Torrey family. GHS Collection","IMG_1673 (2).jpg",{"_162":1053,"_164":1054,"_166":1055,"_168":1056,"_170":1057},"The interior of the Torrey's yacht the Tamarack IV","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cmex1nlebmdxd7tr67pgx85k1orn","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cmex1nlebmdxd7tr67pgx85k1orn?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cmex1nlebmdxd7tr67pgx85k1orn?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cmex1nlebmdxd7tr67pgx85k1orn?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/cmex1nlebmdxd7tr67pgx85k1orn?variant=lqip","IMG_1672.jpg",{"_162":1061,"_164":1062,"_166":1063,"_168":1064,"_170":1065},"The Torrey's yacht the Tamarack IV","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/20at4lh0h3bszbu6imy659lnqkgp","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/20at4lh0h3bszbu6imy659lnqkgp?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/20at4lh0h3bszbu6imy659lnqkgp?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/20at4lh0h3bszbu6imy659lnqkgp?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/20at4lh0h3bszbu6imy659lnqkgp?variant=lqip","Elizabeth DuBose, Executive Director of the Ossabaw Island Foundation welcomes you to Ossabaw Island. ","//player.vimeo.com/video/1065891914","1065891914","1065891914.jpg",{"_162":1072,"_164":1073,"_166":1074,"_168":1075,"_170":1076},"Welcome to Ossabaw Island.","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/8oq4lx4r6h1zrq476dw842de923f","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/8oq4lx4r6h1zrq476dw842de923f?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/8oq4lx4r6h1zrq476dw842de923f?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/8oq4lx4r6h1zrq476dw842de923f?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/8oq4lx4r6h1zrq476dw842de923f?variant=lqip","ossabaw dock.jpg",{"_162":1079,"_164":1080,"_166":1081,"_168":1018,"_170":1082},"https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ceb7uye90jdjunw54u3pgj1zc9px","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ceb7uye90jdjunw54u3pgj1zc9px?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ceb7uye90jdjunw54u3pgj1zc9px?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ceb7uye90jdjunw54u3pgj1zc9px?variant=lqip","new-tour-1723575424856","north-end-tour","north-end-ossabaw-island-tour","Arial image of the north end of Ossabaw Island.","Image provided by Emory's digital library. ","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/u36if36irzrlxcqq97pwbv6qmwk1?variant=desktop",{"_99":24,"_34":24,"_74":1096},{"_99":244,"_34":244,"_74":1095},{"_99":193,"_34":193,"_74":1094},{"_99":216,"_34":216,"_74":1093},"WALKING","TRANSIT","DRIVING","BICYCLING",{"_99":216,"_96":24,"_127":1087,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":1138,"_149":1139,"_34":216,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":1086,"_161":-5},{"_99":153,"_96":244,"_127":1129,"_143":291,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":1130,"_149":1131,"_34":712,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":1132,"_161":-5},{"_99":84,"_96":193,"_127":1120,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":1121,"_149":1122,"_34":691,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":1123,"_161":-5},{"_99":69,"_96":216,"_127":1111,"_143":291,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":1112,"_149":1113,"_34":670,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":1114,"_161":-5},{"_99":712,"_96":153,"_127":1102,"_143":144,"_145":-5,"_146":-5,"_147":1103,"_149":1104,"_34":741,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_156":-5,"_157":-5,"_158":159,"_74":1105,"_161":-5},"Image by Fran Lapolla.","FTL_9104.JPG",{"_162":1106,"_164":1107,"_166":1108,"_168":1109,"_170":1110},"Ossabaw's south end bone yard beach","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yzci86xvl72f49gvyxsb8egyrlx5","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yzci86xvl72f49gvyxsb8egyrlx5?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yzci86xvl72f49gvyxsb8egyrlx5?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yzci86xvl72f49gvyxsb8egyrlx5?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/yzci86xvl72f49gvyxsb8egyrlx5?variant=lqip","Image by Jim Bitler.","Jims photos 695 gagives 6.jpg",{"_162":1115,"_164":1116,"_166":1117,"_168":1118,"_170":1119},"Palm trees along a causeway leading to the beach.","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1uxv68uyhf2ge1grf7lb9bofotr0","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1uxv68uyhf2ge1grf7lb9bofotr0?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1uxv68uyhf2ge1grf7lb9bofotr0?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1uxv68uyhf2ge1grf7lb9bofotr0?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/1uxv68uyhf2ge1grf7lb9bofotr0?variant=lqip","Image from Emory digital library. ","ariel of three tabby buildings.jpg",{"_162":1124,"_164":1125,"_166":1126,"_168":1127,"_170":1128},"Ariel of three tabby buildings on the north end","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/432ng7jd19yv9eidw3dczs0agrri","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/432ng7jd19yv9eidw3dczs0agrri?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/432ng7jd19yv9eidw3dczs0agrri?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/432ng7jd19yv9eidw3dczs0agrri?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/432ng7jd19yv9eidw3dczs0agrri?variant=lqip","Image taken by Fran Lapolla.","Salt_marsh_Georgia_US1.jpg",{"_162":1133,"_164":1134,"_166":1135,"_168":1136,"_170":1137},"Salt marsh on Ossabaw Island ","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ic4ta5v7678v9zynjtoo2fk758b9","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ic4ta5v7678v9zynjtoo2fk758b9?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ic4ta5v7678v9zynjtoo2fk758b9?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ic4ta5v7678v9zynjtoo2fk758b9?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/ic4ta5v7678v9zynjtoo2fk758b9?variant=lqip","Ossabaw_20220520_mcpage (1).jpg",{"_162":1140,"_164":1141,"_166":1142,"_168":1088,"_170":1143},"https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/u36if36irzrlxcqq97pwbv6qmwk1","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/u36if36irzrlxcqq97pwbv6qmwk1?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/u36if36irzrlxcqq97pwbv6qmwk1?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/ossabawisland/v4/public/media/u36if36irzrlxcqq97pwbv6qmwk1?variant=lqip","south",31.827930106659437,"north",31.841784782207917,"east",-81.07711745267332,"west",-81.10163284306944,"centerLat",31.834857444433677,"centerLng",-81.08937514787138,"external_url","footer_logo","name","OssabawIsland","logo_url","https://opentour-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/kscxu7t6dljmya94otaoecdyzbct?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22Ossabaw%20Logo%20low%20res%20%25281%2529.png%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Ossabaw%2520Logo%2520low%2520res%2520%25281%2529.png&response-content-type=image%2Fpng&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAUQYJBBG7WXJ2TCYY%2F20260929%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260929T200350Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=d284c42b6f9f7de72507b0790336ed7dc399daaa3268229163874569739f6ddc","notes","subdir","tourSet",{"_34":1172,"_80":1173,"_1174":1175,"_1176":1177},"request",{"_1168":1169,"_1170":1171},"protocol","http","host","ossabawisland.opentour.site","54","tour_sets","attributes",{"_1158":1159,"_1163":10,"_1182":1183,"_1184":1185,"_1160":1161,"_1186":1187},"relationships",{"_1178":1179},"admins",{"_1180":1181},"data",[],"published_tours",[1202],"mapable_tours",[1199],"logo",{"_1158":1186,"_1188":1189},"record",{"_34":140,"_1158":1159,"_1190":1191,"_1192":1193,"_1163":10,"_1194":-5,"_1156":-5,"_1162":-5,"_1157":-5,"_1195":1196,"_1197":1198,"_30":-5},"created_at","2024-08-13T18:04:40.277Z","updated_at","2026-06-27T20:00:41.490Z","tour_id","base_sixty_four","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","logo_title","Ossabaw Logo low res (1).png",{"_74":75,"_65":16,"_1200":1201},"center",{"_108":1153,"_110":1155},{"_74":75,"_65":16,"_1203":1204},"location",{"_108":1153,"_110":1155}]